Table 2.

TCHM-derived ompounds inhibiting viral entry.

Virus	Herbs	Compounds	Mechanism	References
HSV	Radix achyranthis bidentatae	Polysaccharide sulfuric ester derivatives	Binds to viral glycoproteins and interferes with viral attachment	Liu et al. (2004b)
	Ganoderma lucidum, Spica prunellae	Polysaccharide	Inhibits viral attachment and penetration	Liu et al. (2004a)
	Euphorbia jolkini	Putranjivain A	Inhibits viral attachment and penetration	Cheng et al. (2004)
	Phyllanthus emblica	Pentagalloylglucose	Down-regulates cofilin1 to inhibit viral-induced rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton	Pei et al. (2011)
	Pericarpium granati	Tannin	Inhibits viral attachment	Zhang et al. (1995)
HIV	Spica prunellae, Rhizoma cibotte	Tannin	Inhibits the gp41 six-helix bundle formation	Liu et al. (2002)
Flu	Fructus arctii	Arctigenin	Exhibits hemagglutination inhibition	Yang et al., 2005a, Yang et al., 2005b
EVs	Radix glycyrrhizae	Polysaccharide	Attaches to the cell surface and inhibits viral attachment and entry	Wang et al. (2001)
SARS-CoV	Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Polygoni Multiflori	Emodin	Blocks the S protein and ACE2 interaction	Ho et al. (2007)
	Radix glycyrrhizae	Glycyrrhizin	Inhibits viral attachment and penetration	Chen et al. (2004)
NV	Fructus schisandrae, Pomegranate	Tannin	Inhibits the binding to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs)	Zhang et al. (2012)