Table 4.

TCHM-derived compounds inhbiting viral packaging and assembly.

Virus	Herbs	Compounds	Antiviral effect	References
HSV	Digitalis purpurea	Digitoxin	Inhibits viral release	Su et al. (2008)
Flu	Identified from TCM database@Taiwan (http://tcm.cmu.edu.tw)	Canavanine, α-(methylenecyclopropyl)glycine, quinic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, β-d-fructofuranose	Binds to the M2 ion channel during simulation	Chang et al. (2011a)
	Identified from TCM database@Taiwan (http://tcm.cmu.edu.tw)	Quinic acid, genipin, syringic acid, cucurbitine, fagarine, methyl isoferulate	Blocks the M2 channel activity	Lin et al. (2011)
EVs	Phyllanthus emblica	Phyllaemblicin B	Inhibits viral infection both in in vitro and in vivo assays	Wang et al. (2009)