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(a) Effect of counterions on ER of PMMA, (b) effect of X– (Cl–, Br–, and I–) surface charge density on ER of PMMA at ionic strength of 0.1 mol·L–1 (black circle) and 0.3 mol·L–1 (red square). Reprinted with permission from ref (17b). Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society.
