Table 2.
Immunomodulatory peptides in clinical trials
| Drug | Description | Intended use | Progress | Ref./Reg. no.a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immunomodulatory anti-infective peptides lacking antimicrobial action | ||||
| EA-230 (Exponential Biotherapies) | Oligopeptide fragment from β-hCG (4-mer, LQGV) | Sepsis | Phase II | [80] |
| Glutoxim/NOV-002 (Pharma BAM/Novelos) | Hexapeptide with a stabilized disulfide bond [bis-(γ-L-glutamyl)-L-cysteinyl-bis-glycine disodium salt] | Tuberculosis, non small cell lung cancer | Market (Russia), phase III (N. America) | [46]NCT00347412 |
| IMX942 (Inimex) | Synthetic cationic host defense peptide, derivative of IDR-1 and indolicidin | Nosocomial infections, febrile neutropenia, | Phase IA | Websiteb |
| Immunomodulatory anti-infectives with antimicrobial action | ||||
| hLF1-11 (AM-Pharma) | Cationic peptide, human lactoferricin (amino acid fragment 1–11) | Bacteremia and fungal infections in immunocompromised hematopoetic stem cell transplant recipients | Phase 1/II | NCT00509938 |
| Omiganan [MX-226] (Migenix) | Synthetic cationic host defense peptide (12-mer), indolicidin derivative | Topical antiseptic, acne vulgaris, papulopustular rosacea | Phase III | NCT00000435, NCT00027248 |
| Opebacan (Xoma) | 21-amino-acid peptide derivative of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein | Endotoxemia in hematopoetic stem cell transplant recipients | Phase I/II | NCT00454155 |
| XOMA-629 (Xoma) | 9-amino-acid peptide derivative of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein | Impetigo | Phase IIA | Websitec,d |
| Immunomodulatory peptides | ||||
| DiaPep277 (DeveloGen) | HSP60 derivative (24-mer peptide) that induces T regulatory cells | Type 1 diabetes mellitus | Phase III | NCT00644501 |
| RDP58 (Genzyme) | Semisynthetic D-amino acid decapeptide derived from HLA class I B2702 | Inflammatory bowel disease | Post phase II | [42], websitee |
| Anti-infective peptides with unknown immunomodulatory activityf | ||||
| PAC-113 (Pacgen Biopharmaceuticals) | Synthetic cationic host defense peptide (12-mer), histatin derivative | Antifungal | Phase II | NCT00659971 |
| PMX-30063 (PolyMedix) | Defensin structural mimetic, non-peptide, small molecule/copolymer | Antibiotic | Phase IB | Websiteg |
| HB-1345 (Helix BioMedix) | Lipohexapeptide | Acne | Pre-phase I | Websiteh |
| Pexiganan acetate [MSI-78] (MacroChem) | Synthetic cationic host defense peptide (22-mer), magainin derivative | Topical antibiotic | Phase III | NCT00563433, NCT00563394 |
| Iseganan [IB-367] (Ardea Biosciences) | Synthetic protegrin-1 derivative (17 amino acids) | Oral mucositis in radiation therapy patients | Phase III | NCT00022373 |
a
Ref., reference; Reg. no., registration number from http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.