Table 1.

Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of imino sugars against multiple families of enveloped viruses in vitro.

Virus family	Virus genome	Viruses sensitive to α-glucosidase inhibitor	References
DNA viruses
Herpesviridae	Double strand linear DNA	Herpes simplex virus-2 Cytomegalovirus	Ahmed et al. (1995)
			Taylor et al. (1988)
Hepadnaviridae	Partial double-stranded circular DNA	Hepatitis B virus	Block et al., 1994, Lu et al., 2001, Mehta et al., 2001
RNA viruses
Retroviridae	Single strand RNA	Human immunodeficiency virus	Fischer et al., 1995, Fischer et al., 1996b, Taylor et al., 1994, Taylor et al., 1991
		Moloney murine leukemia virus	Taylor et al. (1991)
		Rauscher murine leukemia virus	Ruprechat et al. (1989)
Togaviridae	Positive strand RNA	Sindbis viru	Datema et al. (1984)
		Semliki forest virus	Kaluza et al. (1990)
Flaviviridae	Positive strand RNA	Bovine viral diarrhea virus	Jordan et al., 2002, Mehta et al., 2002, Zitzmann et al., 1999
		Hepatitis C virus	Qu et al., 2011, Steinmann et al., 2007
		Dengue virus	Courageot et al., 2000, Gu et al., 2007, Whitby et al., 2005, Wu et al., 2002
		Japanese encephalitis virus	Whitby et al., 2005, Wu et al., 2002
		West Nile virus	Chang et al., 2009, Gu et al., 2007
Coronaviridae	Positive strand RNA	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus	Fukushi et al. (2012)
		Murine hepatitis virus	Repp et al. (1985)
Paramyxoviridae	Negative strand RNA	Measles virus	Bolt et al. (1999)
		Newcastle disease virus	Lee et al. (2011)
Rhabdoviridae	Negative strand RNA	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Schlesinger et al. (1984)
Filoviridae	Negative strand RNA	Ebola virus	Chang et al. (2013)
Arenaviridae	Bipartite segmented, negative-sense to ambisense, RNA	Tacaribe virus	Chang et al. (2013)
		Lassa fever virus	Chang et al. (2013)
		Junin virus	Silber et al. (1993)
Bunyaviridae	Tripartite segmented, negative-sense to ambisense, RNA	Rift Valley fever virus	Chang et al. (2013)
Orthomyxoviridae	6–8 Segmented, negative-sense RNA	Influenza A virus	Datema et al., 1984, Saito and Yamaguchi, 2000