Table 1.
Arterivirus proteins modulating innate immune signaling.
| Virus | Protein | Modulatory function for innate immunity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| PRRSV | nsp1α | Inhibits production of type I IFNs and impairs IFN promoter activity | Chen et al. (2010) |
| Suppresses NF-κB activation | Song et al. (2010), Subramaniam et al. (2010) | ||
| Induces CBP degradation | Han et al. (2013), Kim et al. (2010) | ||
| Suppresses TNF-α promoter activity | Subramaniam et al. (2010) | ||
| nsp1β | Inhibits production of type I IFNs and impairs IFN promoter activity | Chen et al. (2010) | |
| Impairs IRF3 phosphorylation and IRF3 nuclear localization | Beura et al. (2010) | ||
| Interferes with IFN-α induction and ISG expression | Patel et al. (2010) | ||
| Blocks nuclear translocation of ISGF3 by inducing KPNA1 degradation | Wang et al. (2013) | ||
| Suppresses TNF-α promoter activity | Subramaniam et al. (2010) | ||
| nsp2 (PLP2) | Antagonizes type I interferon induction Interferes with NF-κB signaling pathway Prevents IκBα degradation by OTU domain |
Sun et al. (2010) | |
| Inhibits ISG15 production and ISGylation | Sun et al. (2012b) | ||
| Activates NF-κB | Fang et al. (2012a) | ||
| nsp4 | Inhibits IFN-β promoter activity Suppresses NF-κB mediated signaling pathway in the nucleus |
Chen et al. (2014) | |
| nsp11 | Impair IFN promoter activity Participates in suppression of RIG-I signaling Degrades mRNA of IPS-1 |
Sun et al. (2012a) | |
| N | Inhibits production of type I IFNs and impairs IFN promoter activity Impairs IRF3 phosphorylation and IRF3 nuclear localization |
Sagong and Lee (2011) | |
| Upregulates IL-10 gene expression | Wongyanin et al. (2012) | ||
| Activates NF-κB | Luo et al. (2011), Pujhari et al. (2014) | ||
| EAV | nsp1 | Inhibits production of type I IFNs and impairs IFN promoter activity | Han et al. (2014), Go et al. (2014) |
| nsp2 (PLP2) | Inhibits RIG-I-mediated innate immune signaling inhibits RIG-I ubiquitination by its DUB activity |
van Kasteren et al., 2012, van Kasteren et al., 2013 | |
| LDV | nsp1α | Inhibits production of type I IFNs and impairs IFN promoter activity Induces CBP degradation |
Han et al. (2014) |
| nsp1β | Inhibits production of type I IFNs and impairs IFN promoter activity | Han et al. (2014) | |
| SHFV | nsp1αβ | Inhibits production of type I IFNs and impairs IFN promoter activity | Han et al. (2014) |
| nsp1γ | Inhibits production of type I IFNs and impairs IFN promoter activity | Han et al. (2014) | |