Table 1.

Evidence paired membrane structures in +RNA virus infection.

Order	Family	Hosta	Originb	Typec	Proteinsd	References
Nidovirales	Arteriviridae	A	ER	V,Z	nsp2, 3	Snijder et al. (2001), Posthuma et al. (2008), Wood et al. (1970), Pedersen et al. (1999), Pol et al. (1997)
	Coronaviridae	A	ER	V,Z,S,C	nsp3+4+6	Knoops et al. (2008), Maier et al. (2013a), Angelini et al. (2013b)
	Mesoniviridae	A	ER	V?	nre	Thuy et al. (2013)
Picornavirales	Picornaviridae	A	ER	V	2BC, 3A	Hsu et al. (2010), Richards et al. (2014), Teterina et al. (1997), Suhy et al. (2000)
	Secoviridae	P	ER	V?	nr	Roberts and Harrison (1970)
Tymovirales	Betaflexiviridae	P	ER	V	nr	Edwardson and Christie (1978), Rudzinska-Langwald (1990)
	Tymoviridae	P	Cp, Mt	V	nr	Lesemann (1977)
Unclassified	Astroviridae	A	ER	V	nsp1a	Guix et al. (2004), Mendez et al. (2007)
	Bromoviridae	P	ER	Z,S	1a+2apol	Moreira et al. (2010), Schwartz et al. (2002), Schwartz et al. (2004)
	Closteroviridae	P	nr	V	nr	Medina et al. (1998)
	Flaviviridae	A	ER	V,S,C	NS4A+4B	Gillespie et al. (2010), Welsch et al. (2009), Romero-Brey et al. (2012), Miller et al. (2007), Roosendaal et al. (2006), Egger et al. (2002)
	Nodaviridae	A	Mito	S	pA+RNA	Kopek et al. (2010), Kopek et al. (2007)
	Togaviridae	A	Ly, ER	V,S?	P123	Magliano et al. (1998), Fontana et al. (2010), Salonen et al. (2003)
	Tombusviridae	P	Px	S	nr	Barajas et al. (2009)

^aAnimals (A) or Plants (P).

^bMembranes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), chloroplast (Cp), mitochondria (Mt), lysosome (Ly) or peroxisome (Px).

^cPaired membranes in the form of double-membrane vesicles (V), zippered ER (Z), open-necked spherules (S), or convoluted membranes (C).

^dProteins implicated in membrane rearrangements.

^eNot reported (nr).