Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the studied population according to TAPSE/PASP.
| Variables | Overall | TAPSE/PASP < 0.43 | TAPSE/PASP ≥ 0.43 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAPSE/PASP (mm/mmHg) | 0.48 ± 0.24 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | 0.66 ± 0.21 | NA | |
| Age (years) | 69 ± 9 | 55 ± 10 | 69 ± 9 | < 0.001 | |
| Male (%) | 68.6 | 68.6 | 68.6 | > 0.999 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 9.1 | 28.3 ± 12.3 | 25.9 ± 3.4 | 0.273 | |
| Diabetes (%) | 41.4 | 48.6 | 34.3 | 0.227 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 80.0 | 74.3 | 85.7 | 0.244 | |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 74.3 | 71.4 | 77.1 | 0.592 | |
| Smoke (%) | |||||
| Active smokers | 7.1 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 0.673 | |
| Ex-smokers | 30.0 | 31.4 | 28.6 | 0.797 | |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 55.7 | 57.1 | 54.3 | 0.339 | |
| COPD (%) | 20.0 | 22.9 | 17.1 | 0.561 | |
| Stroke (%) | 11.4 | 13.3 | 12.9 | > 0.999 | |
| Ischemic etiology (%) | 52.2 | 56.8 | 44.1 | 0.339 | |
| NYHA (%) | |||||
| II | 24.3 | 17.1 | 31.4 | 0.265 | |
| III | 75.7 | 82.9 | 68.6 | 0.265 | |
| IV | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |
| Left bundle block (%) | 68.1 | 64.7 | 73.5 | 0.440 | |
| QRS duration (ms) | 162.9 ± 27.4 | 164.0 ± 23.6 | 161.8 ± 31.1 | 0.769 | |
| Medication (%) | |||||
| ACEIs/ARBs | 82.9 | 77.2 | 88.6 | 0.218 | |
| Beta-blocker | 84.3 | 91.4 | 77.1 | 0.188 | |
| MRAs | 50.0 | 48.6 | 51.4 | > 0.999 | |
| Diuretics | 90.0 | 91.4 | 88.6 | > 0.999 | |
| Statins | 74.3 | 73.5 | 74.2 | > 0.999 | |
| Amiodarone | 12.9 | 14.3 | 11.4 | 0.734 | |
| Digitalis | 24.3 | 22.9 | 25.7 | > 0.999 | |
| Ivabradine | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | > 0.999 | |
| Antiplatelets | 67.1 | 71.4 | 62.9 | 0.611 | |
| Anticoagulants | 47.1 | 42.9 | 51.4 | 0.632 | |
| Insulin | 18.6 | 29.0 | 9.0 | 0.034 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.0 ± 1.8 | 12.4 ± 1.6 | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 0.008 | |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 60.2 ± 33.7 | 60.3 ± 39.7 | 60.0 ± 27.3 | 0.975 | |
| GFR < 60 (%) | 55.1 | 55.9 | 54.3 | 0.326 | |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 3,321 ± 3,216 | 4,709 ± 3,667 | 1,997 ± 2,029 | 0.004 | |
| CRT-D (%) | 60.9 | 55.9 | 67.6 | 0.326 | |
| Responder LVEF (%) | 53.3 | 30.4 | 77.3 | < 0.001 | |
Clinical data was grouped according median value of TAPSE/PASP (0.43 mm/mmHg) for the studied population.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
ACEIs: angiotensin-covering enzyme inhibitors, ARBs: angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI: body mass index, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, MRAs: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, NA: not applicable, NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, NYHA: New York Heart Association, PASP: estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, QRS: Duration of the QRS complex in the electrocardiogram . TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
Responder means an increase of LVEF ≥ 5% following CRT.
In continuous variables statistical significance between groups were calculated using Student's t-test; for categorical variables Fisher's exact test was used. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.