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. 2016 Apr 13;226:50–59. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.009

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Histopathology and localization of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) antigens by immunofluorescence (IF) staining and PDCoV nucleic acids by in situ hybridization in the small intestine of gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with US PDCoV strain OH-FD22. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin–stained jejunum of an inoculated pig at post-inoculation day (PID) 3 (48–51 h after onset of clinical signs), showing acute diffuse, severe atrophic enteritis, with diffuse, moderate vacuolation of enterocytes lining the epithelium of atrophied villi. Original magnification, ×200. (B) IF staining of a serial section of the jejunum (Panel A) of inoculated pig at PID 3, showing that the epithelial cells lining atrophied villi are positive for PDCoV antigen (green staining). Original magnification, ×200. (C) IF staining (higher magnification) of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded jejunum of the inoculated pig at PID 3, showing localization of PDCoV antigens (green staining) in the cytoplasm of villous epithelial cells. Nuclei were stained with blue-fluorescent 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride. Hyperimmune pig antiserum to PDCoV strain OH-FD22 was used for IF staining. Original magnification, ×600. (D) In situ hybridization of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded jejunum of the inoculated pig at PID 3, indicating that the epithelial cells lining the atrophied villi are PDCoV RNA-positive (black staining). Nitroblue tetrazolium/5-bromocresyl-3-indolylphosphate, methyl green counterstain. Original magnification ×80.