Table 1.

Factors associated with aspiration pneumonia

Gastrointestinal disease • Refractory vomiting caused by systemic or metabolic disease • Pancreatitis • Intussusception • Foreign body obstruction • Ileus	Anesthesia • Prolonged anesthesia • Postprocedural upper airway obstruction
Esophageal disease • Megaesophagus • Esophageal motility disorder • Hiatal hernia • Esophageal stricture • Esophagitis	Neurologic disease • Polyneuropathy • Myasthenia gravis • Seizure • Conditions leading to prolonged recumbency
Cricopharyngeal dyssynchrony Muscular dystrophy Oropharyngeal dysphagia Laryngeal disease	Breed • Bulldog • Golden retriever • Pug • Cocker spaniel • English springer spaniel

Data from Refs.11, 21, 22; with permission.