| Digoxin and derivatives |
Heart conditions |
HIV-1 |
45nM |
(Laird et al., 2014; Wong et al., 2013) |
| HSV, HCMV |
0.5 μM 0.02 μM |
(Dodson et al., 2007; Hartley et al., 2006; Kapoor et al., 2012) |
| huAdV |
NR |
(Grosso et al., 2017) |
| HBV |
>100 nM |
(Okuyama-Dobashi et al., 2015) |
| CHIKV |
48.8 nM |
(Ashbrook et al., 2016) |
| MERS-CoV |
NR |
(Burkard et al., 2015) |
| Chloroquine |
Malaria |
CHIKV |
50 nM |
(Sourisseau et al., 2007) |
| DENV |
2.9-3.6 μM |
(Boonyasuppayakorn et al., 2014; Farias et al., 2014) |
| SARS- and MERS-CoV |
4.1 μM 3 μM |
(Keyaerts et al., 2004) |
| Influenza virus |
3.6 μM |
(Di Trani et al., 2007; Ooi et al., 2006; Yan et al., 2013) |
| CCHFV |
28-43 μM |
(Ferraris et al., 2015) |
| ZIKV |
9.8-14.2 μM |
(Delvecchio et al., 2016; Li et al., 2017; Shiryaev et al., 2017) |
| HIV-1 |
1-10 μM |
(Sperber et al., 1993; Tsai et al., 1990) |
| HAV |
NR |
(Bishop, 1998) |
| EBOV |
4.7-16 μM |
(Madrid et al., 2013) |
| Cyclosporin A |
Immune suppressive therapy |
HIV-1 |
2.5 μM |
(Franke et al., 1994; Thali et al., 1994; Wainberg et al., 1988) |
| HBV |
NR |
(Watashi et al., 2014) |
| HPV |
2 μM |
(Bienkowska-Haba et al., 2009) |
| HCV |
0.5 μM |
(Kaul et al., 2009; Nakagawa et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2008) |
| VSV |
NR |
(Bose et al., 2003) |
| VV |
NR |
(Damaso and Moussatche, 1998) |
| Influenza A virus |
1.5-1.8 μM |
(Hamamoto et al., 2013; Li et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2009, 2012a; Liu et al., 2012b; Ma et al., 2016; Schiltknecht and Ada, 1985) |
| SARS-CoV |
2.1-3.1 μM |
(de Wilde et al., 2011; Pfefferle et al., 2011) |
| Sunitinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
Cancer |
HCV |
0.04-0.2 μM |
(Bekerman et al., 2017; Neveu et al., 2012, 2015) |
| HIV |
NR |
(Guo et al., 2013) |
| HCMV |
9.05-10.3 μM |
(Cai et al., 2014) |
| DENV |
NR |
(Bekerman et al., 2017) |
| EBOV |
NR |
(Bekerman et al., 2017) |
| Silver nanoparticles |
Antibacterial |
HSV |
NR |
(Baram-Pinto et al., 2009) |
| Influenza virus |
NR |
(Papp et al., 2010; Xiang et al., 2013, 2011) |
| HBV |
NR |
(Lu et al., 2008) |
| HIV-1 |
0.44-0.91 mg/mL |
(Elechiguerra et al., 2005; Lara et al., 2010a, b; Sun et al., 2005) |
| RVFV |
NR |
(Borrego et al., 2016) |
| DENV |
NR |
(Murugan et al., 2016; Sujitha et al., 2015) |
| Tacaribe virus |
NR |
(Speshock et al., 2010) |
| Mycophenolic acid |
Antibacterial |
HIV |
0.1-0.5 μM |
(Chapuis et al., 2000; Kaur et al., 2005; Margolis et al., 1999) |
| HCV |
10.4 μM |
(Henry et al., 2006; Pan et al., 2012) |
| ZIKV |
0.1-1 μM |
(Barrows et al., 2016) |
| DENV, WNV, YFV |
0.4 μM 0.9 μg/mL NR |
(Diamond et al., 2002; Takhampunya et al., 2006) |
| Minocycline |
Antibacterial |
HIV |
40 μg/mL |
(Lemaitre et al., 1990; Szeto et al., 2010; Zink et al., 2005) |
| WNV |
8.1-11.2 μg/mL |
(Michaelis et al., 2007) |
| DENV |
NR |
(Lai et al., 2018; Leela et al., 2016) |
| JEV |
NR |
(Mishra and Basu, 2008) |
| Chlorpromazine hydrochloride |
Antipsychotic |
CCHFV |
10.8-15.7 μM |
(Ferraris et al., 2015) |
| MERS- and SARS-CoV |
4.9 μM 8.8 μM |
(de Wilde et al., 2014; Dyall et al., 2014) |
| Diphenoxilate |
Anti-peristaltic |
EBOV, LASV, MARV |
50 μM NR NR |
(Madrid et al., 2013) |
