Table 1.

Effects of metronidazole on immunopathological manifestations of COVID-19 infection

COVID-19	Metronidazole
↑IL8 (5)	↓IL8 (10-13)
↑IL6 (6, 8)	↓IL6 (10-15)
↑IL1B (5)	↓IL1B (10-15)
↑TNFα (5)	↓TNFα (11-13, 15-17)
↑CRP (6)	↓CRP (11, 12)
↑IL12 (21)	↓IL12 (11, 13, 14)
↑IFNγ (5)	↓IFNγ (11, 14, 16)
↑Neutrophils (5, 6)	↓Neutrophils (11, 17, 18)
↓Lymphocytes (5, 6, 8)	↑Lymphocytes (11, 17), lymphoproliferative properties (11, 19)

CRP: C-reactive protein; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.