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PPP rates and 2-year postoperative costs, instrumented (cases) versus non-instrumented (age- and sex-matched controls)
| Non-instrumented | Instrumented | Odds ratio/cost difference [95% CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of observations | 320 | 320 | |
| PPP | |||
| Number (%) | 69 (21.6%) | 62 (19.4%) | 0.876 [0.595–1.284] |
| Index hospitalization cost | |||
| Mean | £4345 | £8484 | £4139 [£3737–£4563] |
| 2-year follow-up cost | |||
| Mean | £7597 | £9423 | £1826 [£285–£3244] |
| Total cost | |||
| Mean | £11,942 | £17,907 | £5695 [£4505–£7528] |
