Fig. 1.

Inhibitory effects of Sambucus Formosana Nakai extract on viral cytopathicity and Sub-G1 fraction in HCoV-NL63 infected cells. HCoV-NL63 at MOI of 0.1 was mixed with the extract, and immediately added to LLC-MK-2 cell culture. Virus-induced cytopathic effect was photographed 36 h post-infection by microscopy (A). Infected cells in the presence or absence of the extract were harvested 36 hpi, stained using propidium iodide, and then examined using flow cytometry. The flow cytometry histograms (top) and the percentage of sub-G1 phase (bottom) in HCoV-NL63 infected cells was displayed (B). **, p value < 0.01 compared with mock-treated infected cells.