Table 3:

Water and food factors risk factors for UND/ID, OWT/NCD and the dual burden at the individual level^aand dual burden at the household level^b

	Individual			Household
	UND/ID onlyc	OWT/NCD only	Dual Burden	Dual Burden
	RRR (95% CI)	RRR (95% CI)	RRR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Individual Models	n=2133			n=693
Water access, highest vs. lower	0.72 (0.43, 1.19)	0.73 (0.44, 1.11)	0.76 (0.48, 1.19)	0.63 (0.31, 1.27)
Water quality, %buying purified	0.99 (0.70, 1.39)	1.21 (0.91, 1.60)	1.10 (0.81, 1.50)	0.82 (0.53, 1.26)
Overall diet quality, stdd	1.14 (0.93, 1.41)	1.02 (0.86, 1.22)	1.22 (1.02, 1.46)*	2.37 (1.69, 3.32)***
Low variety	0.81 (0.45, 1.44)	0.81 (0.49, 1.35)	0.43 (0.24, 0.77)**	0.71 (0.31, 1.64)
Low adequacy	0.49 (0.18, 1.39)	1.15 (0.49, 2.74)	0.43 (0.15, 1.22)	0.43 (0.15, 1.28)
Food Insecurity
Mild	1.09 (0.72, 2.97)	1.10 (0.76, 1.58)	1.20 (0.82, 1.73)	2.09 (1.06, 4.14)*
Moderate	1.58 (0.84, 2.97)	1.24 (0.76, 2.03)	1.44 (0.85, 2.42)	1.17 (0.51, 2.65)
Joint models
No water or food issues	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Food issues onlye	1.27 (0.50, 3.23)	2.01 (1.06, 3.83)*	1.33 (0.66, 2.66)	1.43 (0.44, 4.72)
Water issues onlyf	1.46 (0.85, 2.49)	1.40 (0.89, 2.21)	1.24 (0.75, 2.07)	1.43 (0.70, 2.92)
Both water and foodg	1.91 (1.05, 3.46)*	1.43 (0.85, 2.42)	1.45 (0.84, 2.50)	2.31 (1.01, 5.30)*

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01,

^***p<0.001;

^aRelative risk ratios come from individual multinomial models comparing UND/ID, OWT/NCD and DB to a normal weight/healthy referent for individuals. All models are adjusted for age, sex, economic quintile, ethnicity, marital status of the head of household, place of birth, island, and clustering by household.

^bOdds ratios come from individual logistic regression models comparing dual burden to households without the dual burden. Models are adjusted for head of household sex, ethnicity, marital status and place of birth, economic quintile and island.

^cAbbreviations: UND/ID: undernutrition and infectious disease; OWT/NCD: overweight and noncommunicable disease.

^dModels with diet quality include 1362 individuals and 317 households.

^eIncludes low diet quality and/or food insecurity;

^fIncludes poor water access and/or use of nonbottled drinking water;

^gincludes low diet quality and/or food insecurity and poor water access and/or use of nonbottled drinking water.