Table 14.2.

In vitro and in vivo studies using chitosan-based nanoparticles in various cancer treatments

Drug/targeting	Chitosan-based composite	Experimental system, effects	Reference
Chemotherapeutic drug delivery
Doxorubicin	CS-dextrane conjugate	Mice, AT, prolonged circulation	Mitra et al. (2001)
Doxorubicin/trastuzumab	CS cross-linked by succinic anhydrate, Lys thiolation	SKOV-3 cells, AT, targets HER2+ receptors, enhanced uptake	Hebeish et al. (2013)
Doxorubicin	CS-pluronic F127 micelles	MCF7 cells, AT, high drug loading capacity	Naruphontjirakul and Viravaidya-Pasuwat (2011)
Doxorubicin/luteinizing hormone RH	CS-/poly(methyl vinyl ether maleic acid, magnetic nanoparticles	MCF7 cells, AT, increased cytotoxicity, targeting LHRH receptors	Varshosaz et al. (2016)
Doxorubicin/folate	CS-coated magnetic nanoparticles	U87 cells in athymic mice, AT, guide by magnetic field, decreased tumor growth	Yang et al. (2017)
Doxorubicin	Aluminosilicate zeolite (ZSM-5) CS core-shell nanodisks	Mice, AT, pH-dependent drug release, reduced Tu growth and increased apoptosis	Yang et al. (2018)
Doxorubicin	CS-cobalt-ferrite-titanium oxide nanofibers	B16F10 cells, AT, fast drug release at low pH and alternating magnetic field	Radmansouri et al. (2018)
Doxorubicin, verapamil/cRGD	Magnetic CS-poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles	HepG2 and S-180 cells, Tu-bearing mice, AT, accumulation in tumor tissue	Shen et al. (2013a)
Paclitaxel	Glycol-CS-β-cholanic acid nanoparticles	Tu-bearing mice, AT, impaired tumor growth after injection	Kim et al. (2006)
Paclitaxel	CS-glyceryl monooleate core-shell nanopoparticles	MDA-MB-231cells, AT, 1000-fold reduction in IC50	Trickler et al. (2008)
	Glycol-CS-β-cholanic acid nanoparticles	Tu-bearing mice, AT, impaired tumor growth after injection, EPR	Kim et al. (2008)
	CS-polyaspartic acid sodium salt	Mice, sustained drug release in vitro and in vivo	Zheng et al. (2007)
5-Fluorouracil/hyaluronidase	CS-polyethylenglycol-gelatin copolymer	COLO-205 and HT-29 cells, AT, increased cytotoxicity by uptake and controlled drug release	Rajan et al. (2013)
5-Fluorouracil	N-succinyl-CS-g-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)	Simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, efficient drug loading pH-dependent drug release	Bashir et al. (2017)
5-Fluorouracil/	cystamine conjugated CS- methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)	MCF7 cells, AT, improved hemocompatibility, high cytotoxicity to cancer cells	Antoniraj et al. (2018)
TNF-α/anti-EGFR-2	CS-silica hollow nanospheres	MCF-7 cells, AT, pH-dependent TNF-α release inside tumor	Deng et al. (2011b)
Oxaliplatin/hyaluronic acid	CS nanoparticles encapsulated in Eudragit S100 coated pellets	Mice, HT-29 cells, AT, specific drug delivery in the colon	Jain et al. (2010)
Trans-resveratrol/ ,	CS nanoparticles	HepG2 cells, cytotoxicity highest when both, avidin and biotin, were coupled	Bu et al. (2013)
/anti-EGFR, anti-chitosan	Glycol-CS nanobioconjugate	SW1990 cells, effective inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion	Xiao and Yu (2017)
Cancer gene therapy
Survivin-siRNA/	N-trimethyl CS-TPP developed for pulmonary delivery	A549 cells, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, effective gene silencing of the survivin gene resulting in apoptosis	Ni et al. (2018)
Midkine-siRNA	CS combined with 2-chloroethylamine and N,N-dimethyl-2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride	HepG2 cells, efficient transfection, significant decrease of cell proliferation	Zhong et al. (2015)
psiRNA-hBCL2/dendrimeric RGD	Polyethyleneimine-g-CS	Tu-bearing mice, AT, efficient and specific transfection of tumor cells and silencing of anti-apoptotic hBcl2	Kim et al. (2017)
Ovalbumin	CS nanoparticles	Mice, AT, increased cytokine levels and stimulation of natural killer cells, deacreased tumor growth, detection of ovalalbumin specific cytotoxic T cells	Wen et al. (2011), Highton et al. (2016)
IL-12	CS nanoparticles	Mice, AT, activcation of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, tumor regression, nor recurrence	Zaharoff et al. (2009)
GRP	Mannosylated CS nanoparticles	Mice, intranasal application, AT, enhanced tumor regression paralleled by anti-GRP antibody production	Yao et al. (2013b)
IP-10 plasmid/folate	CS nanoparticles	Mice, AT, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, and inactivation of regulatory T cells	Lai et al. (2014)

AT anti-tumor effects, CS chitosan, Tu tumor