Figure 1.

Production of peptide-polysaccharide nanogels by electrospray ionization. An aqueous solution of anionic hyaluronic acid (HA; orange) is infused through an electrically-charged capillary, causing it to spray as nano-scale droplets. Contact of HA nanodroplets with ɛ-poly-L-lysine (PLL; purple) in the bath solution leads to electrostatic assembly of nanogel particles. Therapeutic agents or biochemical sensors (green/white) present during nanogel assembly become physically entrapped within the particle network.