Table 2.
Change in KS knowledge and attitudes following exposure to common media forms, overall and by media type, among a community-based sample of adults in Uganda.
| Question | Comics (n = 140) | Video (n = 140) | Radio vignettes (n = 140) | All participants (N = 420) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correct response∗ | Pretest | Posttest | Change | Pretest | Posttest | Change | Pretest | Posttest | Change | Pretest (95% CI) | Posttest (95% CI) | Change |
| Shown a picture of cutaneous KS: What do you think this condition is? | ||||||||||||
| “Kaposi's sarcoma” | 0.71% †(0.02%–3.9%) | 38% (30%–46%) | 37%‡ | 0.71% (0.02%–3.9%) | 52% (44%–61%) | 51% | 1.4% (0.17%–5.1%) | 47% (39%–56%) | 46% | 0.95% (0.3%–2.4%) | 46% (41%–51%) | 45% |
| 0.0%§ | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 0.7%¶ | 0.7% | 1.4% | 1.0% | |||||||||
| 62% ∗∗ | 49% | 53% | 55% | |||||||||
| p < 0.001†† | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||||||
| “Kaposi's sarcoma,” or “skin cancer,” or “unspecified cancer” | 44% (35%–52%) | 86% (80%–92%) | 46% | 40% (32%–49%) | 85% (78%–90%) | 46% | 45% (37%–54%) | 84% (77%–90%) | 42% | 43% (38%–48%) | 85% (81%–88%) | 45% |
| 2.9% | 1.4% | 2.9% | 2.4% | |||||||||
| 41% | 39% | 42% | 41% | |||||||||
| 11% | 14% | 13% | 12% | |||||||||
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| What do you think causes it? | ||||||||||||
| “HHV-8/KSHV” or “a microorganism” | 3.6% (1.2%–8.1%) | 3.6% (1.2%–8.1%) | 2.1% | 5.0% (2.0%–10%) | 8.6% (4.5%–14%) | 6.4% | 2.1% (0.4%–6.1%) | 5.7% (2.5%–11%) | 5.0% | 3.6% (1.8%–5.4%) | 6.0% (3.7%–8.2%) | 4.5% |
| 2.1% | 2.9% | 1.4% | 2.1% | |||||||||
| 1.4% | 2.1% | 0.7% | 1.4% | |||||||||
| 94% | 89% | 93% | 92% | |||||||||
| p=1.00 | p=0.27 | p=0.18 | p=0.09 | |||||||||
| “HHV-8/KSHV,” “HIV,” or “a microorganism” | 9.3% (5%–15%) | 11% (6.1%–17%) | 4.3% | 8.6% (4.5%–14%) | 11% (6.1%–17%) | 7.9% | 11% (6.1%–17%) | 16% (11%–24%) | 11% | 9.5% (6.7%–12%) | 13% (9.4%–16%) | 7.6% |
| 2.9% | 5.7% | 5.0% | 4.5% | |||||||||
| 6.4% | 2.9% | 5.7% | 5.0% | |||||||||
| 86% | 84% | 79% | 82.9% | |||||||||
| p=0.75 | p=0.65 | p=0.13 | p=0.07 | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Who is at risk for this condition? | ||||||||||||
| “All people” | 29% (22%–38%) | 44% (35%–52%) | 26% | 28% (21%–37%) | 58% (49%–66%) | 37% | 29% (21%–37%) | 47% (39%–56%) | 29% | 29% (24%–33%) | 50% (45%–54%) | 31% |
| 12% | 7.1% | 10% | 9.8% | |||||||||
| 17% | 21% | 19% | 19% | |||||||||
| 44% | 35% | 43% | 40% | |||||||||
| p=0.01 | p < 0.001 | p=0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||||||
| “HIV-infected” | 5.7% (2.5%–11%) | 5.0% (2.0%–10%) | 5.0% | 1.4% (0.17%–5.1%) | 6.4% (3.0%–12%) | 5.7% | 5.0% (2.0%–10%) | 15% (9.5%–22%) | 14% | 4.0% (2.4%–6.4%) | 8.8% (6.3%–12%) | 8.1% |
| 5.7% | 0.7% | 3.6% | 3.3% | |||||||||
| 0.0% | 0.7% | 1.4% | 0.7% | |||||||||
| 89% | 93% | 81% | 88% | |||||||||
| p=1.00 | p=0.04 | p=0.01 | p=0.001 | |||||||||
| “All people” or “HIV-infected” | 35% (27%–44%) | 47% (39%–56%) | 26% | 29% (22%–38%) | 61% (53%–70%) | 39% | 34% (26%–42%) | 59% (50%–67%) | 32% | 33% (28%–37%) | 56% (51%–60%) | 32% |
| 14% | 6.4% | 7.1% | 9.0% | |||||||||
| 21% | 23% | 26% | 24% | |||||||||
| 39% | 32% | 34% | 35% | |||||||||
| p=0.03 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||||||
| Would you consider yourself to be at risk? | ||||||||||||
| “Yes” | 62% (54%–70%) | 75% (67%–82%) | 21% | 62% (53%–70%) | 79% (71%–85%) | 22% | 66% (57%–74%) | 75% (67%–82%) | 15% | 63% (58%–68%) | 76% (72%–80%) | 19% |
| 7.9% | 4.3% | 5.7% | 6.0% | |||||||||
| 54% | 56% | 59% | 57% | |||||||||
| 17% | 16% | 19% | 18% | |||||||||
| p=0.004 | p < 0.001 | p=0.02 | p < 0.001 | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| What would you do if you began to see similar lesions on your skin? | ||||||||||||
| “Go to biomedical provider” or “get a biopsy” | 59% (50%–67%) | 96% (92%–99%) | 38% | 57% (49%–65%) | 96% (91%–98%) | 39% | 63% (54%–71%) | 96% (91%–98%) | 35% | 60% (55%–64%) | 96% (94%–98%) | 37% |
| 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.1% | 0.7% | |||||||||
| 59% | 57% | 61% | 59% | |||||||||
| 3.6% | 4.3% | 2.1% | 3.3% | |||||||||
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| How do healthcare providers figure out or find out what this condition is to give you the right treatment?‡‡ | ||||||||||||
| “Perform a biopsy” | 20% (9.1%–36%) | 35% (21%–52%) | 20% | 25% (13%–41%) | 73% (56%–85%) | 53% | 23% (11%–39%) | 46% (30%–63%) | 28% | 23% (15%–31%) | 51% (42%–61%) | 34% |
| 5.0% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 5.0% | |||||||||
| 15% | 20% | 18% | 18% | |||||||||
| 60% | 23% | 48% | 44% | |||||||||
| p=0.11 | p < 0.001 | p=0.02 | p < 0.001 | |||||||||
| “Perform a biopsy” or “skin exam” | 45% (29%–62%) | 63% (46%–77%) | 28% | 43% (27%–59%) | 85% (70%–94%) | 45% | 44% (28%–60%) | 56% (40%–72%) | 27% | 44% (35%–53%) | 68% (59%–76%) | 33% |
| 10% | 2.5% | 13% | 8.4% | |||||||||
| 35% | 40% | 31% | 35% | |||||||||
| 28% | 13% | 31% | 24% | |||||||||
| p=0.12 | p < 0.001 | p=0.30 | p < 0.001 | |||||||||
∗Correct response refers to the current best scientific evidence regarding the question. This is the information that was promulgated in each of the three common media forms. It is the first response listed below the question. For some questions, we also considered responses closely related to the correct response; these are listed in the second and third rows. In rows which include “or,” we considered either of the listed responses. †% (95% confidence intervals) of participants who provided the response; ‡% of participants who had “incorrect” response on pretest and the “correct” index response on posttest; §% of participants who had index “correct” response on pretest and “incorrect” response on posttest; ¶% of participants who had “correct” responses on both pretest and posttest; ∗∗% of participants who had “incorrect” responses on both pretest and posttest; ††p value for within-subject change from McNemar's test; ‡‡Limited to N = 119 participants: 40 randomized to comics, 40 to video, and 39 to radio vignettes. The question was incorporated in a later version of the pre- and posttest.