Nec-1 protects against LPS-induced inflammatory response and lung injury in a mouse model of ALI. (A) Histopathological analysis of the effects of Nec-1 on LPS-induced experimental ALI using hematoxylin and eosin staining (magnification, ×100 and ×200). The black arrow indicates areas of lung injury. (B) Effects of Nec-1 on LPS-induced experimental ALI were assessed by estimating the levels of total secretory proteins using a bicinchoninic acid kit. (C and D) Levels of secreted inflammatory cytokines isolated from (C) BALF and (D) lung tissues were estimated by ELISA, in order to assess the effects of Nec-1 on LPS-induced ALI. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments (n=5 mice/group). *P<0.05, as indicated. ALI, acute lung injury; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Nec-1, necrostatin-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.