Table II.
Comparison of different models/patients.
| Model/patient | Species | Target antigen | Identification in patients | Stability of proteinuria | Complement pathway | IgG | Type of IgG | C3 | C5b-9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMN | Human | PLA2R, C-BSA THSD7A, NEP | Unclear | Detected | Mainly IgG4 | Detected | Detected | |||
| Heymann nephritis | Active | Rat | Megalin (GP330) | No antibody or antigen of megalin detected | Easy to recover | Unknown | Detected | Unknown | Detected | Detected |
| Passive | Rat | Relatively stable | Unknown | Detected | Unknown | Detected | Detected | |||
| Anti-DPP IV model | Rat | gp108 | Not found | Instable | Nonactivated | Not found | Not found | Not found | Not found | |
| C-BSA model | Rabbit/mice | C-BSA | Young children, especially below five years old (childhood) | High mortality | Unknown | Detected | IgG1/IgG4 | Detected | Detected | |
| Anti-α3NC1 model | DBA/1 mice | α3NC1 | A self-target | Stable antigen for pulmonary hemorrhagic nephritic syndrome | Alternative Pathway | Detected | mIgG1 more than mIgG2a and mIgG2b | Detected | Detected | |
| Anti-APN model | Mice | Annexin-3 | Positive expression of Annexin-3 in the renal tissue | 14 days | Unknown | Detected | Maybe different from humans | Detected (minimal) | Not found | |
| Anti-APA model | BALB/c mice | APA | Not found | 16 days | Nonactivated | Detected | Unknown | Not found | Not found | |
| THSD7A-associated model | Mice | THSD7A | Adults | Remained elevated until day 70 | May be the lectin pathway | Detected | IgG4 | Detected | Unknown | |
| ZAS-induced model | Podocyte | Zymosan | Not found | – | The alternative pathway | – | – | Detected | Detected |
IMN, idiopathic membranous nephropathy; PLA2R, phospholipase A2 receptor; C-BSA, cationic bovine serum albumin; α3NC1, non-collagen 1 domain of human α3 (IV) collagen; THSD7A, thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A; NEP, neutral endopeptidase; IgG, immunoglobulin G; ZAS, zymosan-activated serum.