Expression of ANKHD1 in NSCLC tissues and cells. (A) Immunohistochemical staining of NSCLC and normal lung tissues (magnification, x200; scale bar, 50 µm). ANKHD1 was weakly or negatively expressed in the (a) bronchial and (b) alveolar cells of normal tissues, while ANKHD1 was positively and strongly expressed in (c) lung squamous cell cancer and (d) adenocarcinoma tissues. (B) Western blotting demonstrated increased protein expression of ANKHD1 in tumor tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues (T, tumor; N, normal tissue). (C) Survival analysis of patients with and without ANKHD1 expression. Overall survival of the ANKHD1-positive group was lower than that of the ANKHD1-negative group (P=0.037, log-rank test). (D) Protein (upper panel) and mRNA (lower panel: Quantification by real-time PCR) expression levels of ANKHD1 in NSCLC and human bronchial epithelium cell lines. (E) Immunofluorescence staining of ANKHD1 in NSCLC cells and HBE cells (upper panel: ANKHD1 (green); middle panel: DAPI (blue); lower panel: (merged). ANKHD1, ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing 1; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; HBE cells, human bronchial epithelial cells.