Table 4.
Process scores for manufacturing scenarios using different cell substrates for virus isolation and manufacturing
| Virus group | Virus family | Type/species | Process score for each manufacturing scenarioa |
Average score for virus | Rank | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egg > egg | Egg > MDCK 33016 | Egg > Vero | Egg > Vero > MDCK 33016 | Vero > MDCK 33016 | Normal MDCK > MDCK 33016 | |||||
| -RNA | Paramyxoviridae | Pneumoviruses/hRSV | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.03 | 24 |
| Metapneumovirus | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.05 | 23 | ||
| Parainfluenzavirus | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.33 | 11 | ||
| Mumps virus | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.13 | 16 | ||
| Measles virus | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.09 | 19 | ||
| +RNA | Coronaviridae | HCoV, SARS-CoV | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.08 | 21 |
| Togaviridae | Rubella virus | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.09 | 18 | |
| Picornaviridae | Human enteroviruses | 0.9 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.49 | 9 | |
| Rhinovirus | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.31 | 12 | ||
| ss RNA (RT) | Retroviridae | Avian retroviruses | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | – | – | 0.29 | 13 |
| Human retroviruses | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 25 | ||
| ds RNA | Reoviridae | Mammalian reovirus | 4.5 | 4.5 | 6.8 | 9.0 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.38 | 3 |
| Avian reovirus | 9.0 | 6.8 | 9.0 | 11.3 | – | – | 9.00 | 1 | ||
| Birnaviridae | Avian birnavirus | 9.0 | 4.7 | 9.0 | 9.2 | – | – | 7.99 | 2 | |
| ss DNA | Parvoviridae | MVM | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.23 | 15 |
| Circoviridae | Avian circovirus | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.8 | – | – | 1.58 | 8 | |
| Porcine circovirus | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.26 | 14 | ||
| ds DNA | Herpesviridae | Herpes simplex virus | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.63 | 7 |
| Varicella zoster virus | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.46 | 10 | ||
| EBV, CMV, HHV-6-8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.10 | 17 | ||
| Adenoviridae | Human adenovirus | 1.5 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 2.48 | 5 | |
| Polyomaviridae | JC/BK virus, SV40 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 2.35 | 6 | |
| Avian polyomavirus | 9.0 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.9 | – | – | 6.30 | 4 | ||
| Other agents | – | Mycoplasma spp. | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.08 | 22 |
| – | Chlamydia spp. | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.08 | 20 | |
| Summed process scores for each scenario | 41 | 28 | 46 | 53 | 19 | 13 | – | – | ||
CMV, cytomegalovirus; ds, double-stranded; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; HCoV, human coronavirus; HHV, human herpes virus; hRSV, human respiratory syncytial virus; MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney; MVM, minute virus of mice; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; ss, single-stranded; SV40, simian virus 40.
a
Process scores have been rounded to one decimal place.