Table 1.
Major neurotropic viruses causing human infections.
| Virus Name | Family | Genus | Genome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human immunodeficiency virus | Retroviridae | Lentivirus | ss (+) RNA-RT |
| Human T-lymphotropic virus-I | Deltaretrovirus | ||
| Japanese encephalitis virus | Flaviviridae | Flavivirus | ss (+) RNA |
| West Nile virus | |||
| Kunjin virus | |||
| St. Louis Encephalitis | |||
| Murray Valley encephalitis virus | |||
| Dengue virus | |||
| Yellow fever virus | |||
| Tick borne encephalitis | |||
| Sindbis virus | Togaviridae | Alphavirus | |
| Polio virus | Picornaviridae | Enterovirus | |
| Coxsackie virus | |||
| Echovirus | |||
| Rabies virus | Rhabdoviridae | Lyssavirus | ss (-) RNA |
| Vesicular stomatitis virus | Vesiculovirus | ||
| Herpes simplex virus | Herpesviridae | Simplexvirus | ds DNA |
| Varicella zoster virus | Varicellovirus | ||
| Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus | ||
| Epstein-Barr virus | Lymphocryptovirus | ||
Neurotropic viruses that are commonly known to cause infections in humans are depicted in the table. These viruses have been shown to be associated with CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration in humans. Apart from the ones categorized in the table, there are some other neurotropic viruses that have been shown to infect other vertebrate animals. Similarly, these viruses may also infect non-human hosts.