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. 2009 Sep 2;27(48):6777–6790. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.056

Table 5.

Comparison of HI, MN, and PN assays for measuring neutralizing antibodies against HPAI H5N1 viruses.

HI MN PN
Epitope involves Binding to RBC Virus entry Virus entry
Virus Wild type Wild type Pseudotypes
Virus particles measured Infectious and non-infectious Infectious Infectious
Target cells RBC MDCK, others MDCK, others
Biocontainment requirements BL-3 BL-3 BL-2



Readout HI CPE Luciferase activity
Semi-quantitative Semi-quantitative Quantitative
Subjective Subjective Objective



Time required for assay Within 1 day 5–6 days 2–3 days