Table 3.
Clinical and demographic comparisons of lower respiratory tract infection by RSV-positive, other virus-positive, and virus-negative children.
| Total Cohort N = 2263 | RSV-positive LRTI (N = 1210) | Virus other-positive LRTI (N = 785) | Virus-negative LRTI (n = 268) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (months) median | 4.2 | 7.1 | 6.2 | <0.01 |
| 0–1 months | 78 (6%) | 30 (4%) | 20 (7%) | <0.01 |
| 2–5 months | 618 (51%) | 249 (32%) | 92 (34%) | |
| 6–11 months | 320 (26%) | 279 (36%) | 76 (28%) | |
| 12–23 months | 194 (16%) | 227 (29%) | 80 (30%) | |
| Sex (male) | 733 (61%) | 484 (62%) | 154 (57%) | 0.48 |
| Daycarea | 26 (2%) | 12 (2%) | 7 (3%) | 0.46 |
| Breastfeeding | 1031 (85%) | 627 (80%) | 211 (79%) | 0.002 |
| No past medical history | 1104 (91%) | 629 (80%) | 207 (77%) | <0.01 |
| Smoke exposure | 929 (77%) | 594 (76%) | 213 (79%) | 0.44 |
| Antibiotics prior to hospitalization | 605 (50%) | 371 (47%) | 128 (48%) | 0.46 |
| Antibiotics during hospitalizationb | 1099 (91%) | 708 (91%) | 236 88%) | 0.28 |
| Gestational Age Median % < 37 weeks |
148 (12%) | 127 (16%) | 41 (15%) | 0.04 |
| Birth weight (kg)c (25th, 50th, 75th, mean, standard deviation) | 2.6 3.0 3.5(3.0 ± 0.6) | 2.5 3.0 3.5(2.9 ± 0.7) | 2.5 3 3.4(2.9 ± 0.6) | 0.02 |
| Admission Diagnosis | ||||
| Bronchiolitis | 374 (31%) | 129 (16%) | 44 (16%) | <0.01 |
| Bronchopneumonia | 476 (39%) | 410 (52%) | 134 (50%) | <0.01 |
| Pneumonia | 225 (19%) | 126 (16%) | 43 (16%) | 0.28 |
| Suspected sepsis | 150 (12%) | 65 (8%) | 33 (12%) | 0.01 |
| Pertussis-like cough | 51 (4%) | 16 (2%) | 8 (3%) | 0.03 |
| Presenting symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 595 (49%) | 463 (59%) | 142 (53%) | <0.01 |
| Cough | 1176 (97%) | 685 (87%) | 205 (76%) | <0.01 |
| Shortness of breath | 964 (80%) | 545 (69%) | 175 (65%) | <0.01 |
| Runny nose/congestion | 38 (3%) | 17 (2%) | 9 (3%) | 0.38 |
| Decrease appetite | 234 (19%) | 95 (12%) | 47 (18%) | <0.01 |
| Seizures/convulsions | 8 (1%) | 19 (2%) | 9 (3%) | <0.01 |
| Decrease activityd | 45 (16%) | 22 (12%) | 18 (20%) | 0.15 |
| Diarrhea | 58 (5%) | 63 (8%) | 17 (6%) | 0.01 |
| Vomiting | 149 (12%) | 97 (12%) | 41 (15%) | 0.39 |
| Key examination findings | ||||
| Cyanosis | 339 (28%) | 150 (19%) | 64 (24%) | <0.01 |
| Wheezing | 926 (77%) | 614 (78%) | 217 (81%) | 0.26 |
| Flaring | 173 (14%) | 73 (9%) | 35 (13%) | 0.08 |
| Abnormal x-raye | 1076 (90%) | 674 (89%) | 222 (84%) | 0.02 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| O2 requirementf | 478 (40%) | 248 (32%) | 100 (38%) | 0.002 |
| Days on oxygeng (25th, 50th, 75th, mean, standard deviation) | 1 2 5 (3.6 ± 3.3) | 1 2 4 (3.3 ± 3.1) | 1 2 3 (2.9 ± 3.1) | 0.042 |
| Mechanical ventilationsh | 48 (4%) | 31 (4%) | 15 (6%) | 0.46 |
| ICU stayh | 107 (9%) | 63 (8%) | 40 (15%) | 0.003 |
| Median length of stay in daysi (25th, 50th, 75th, mean, standard deviation) | 2 3 6 (4.1 ± 3.3) | 1 3 6 (4.2 ± 4.7) | 1 3 6 (4.1 ± 4.3) | 0.05 |
| Deathh | 7 (0.6%) | 7 (0.9%) | 7 (3%) | 0.007 |
| Vitamin D level (ng/mL)j | 15.1 | 20.3 | 20.5 | <0.01 |
a
2262.
b
2245.
c
2261.
d
553.
e
2216.
f
2239.
g
825.
h
2238.
i
2241.
j
1942.