Table 1.
Antibody response and virus detection following rMVA immunization and SARS-CoV challenge
| Ferret numbers | Immunogens | Days post vaccination |
Days post challenge |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 7 | 14a | 21 | 28 | 3–5 | 7–9 | 12–14 | 19–21 | 27–29 | ||
| Part A | |||||||||||
| 1 | MVA | NA | − | − | − | + | ++ | ++ | NA | +++ | ++++ |
| 2 | MVA | − | + | − | − | − | + | ++ | ++ | ++++ | ++ |
| 3 | MVA | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | +++ | ++++ | ++++ |
| 4 | rMVA-N | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | ++ | ++++ | ++ |
| 5 | rMVA-N | − | − | − | − | − | − | ++ | ++++ | +++ | ++ |
| 6 | rMVA-N | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ |
| 7 | rMVA-S | − | − | − | − | + | ++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | +++ |
| 8 | rMVA-S | − | + | + | + | − | − | +++ | +++ | ++++ | +++ |
| 9 | rMVA-S | − | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ |
| 10 | PBS | − | − | − | − | − | NA | + | ++ | ++++ | ++ |
| 11 | PBS | − | − | − | − | − | − | ++ | +++ | ++++ | +++ |
| 12 | PBS | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | +++ | +++ | ++++ |
| Part B | |||||||||||
| 1 | MVA | − | − | − | − | − | − | 320 | 320 | 160 | 320 |
| 2 | MVA | − | − | − | 20 | − | − | 160 | 160 | 640 | 640 |
| 3 | MVA | − | − | − | − | − | 40 | 160 | 320 | 640 | 640 |
| 4 | rMVA-N | − | − | − | − | − | − | 320 | 320 | 160 | 1280 |
| 5 | rMVA-N | − | − | − | − | − | − | 320 | 160 | 640 | 640 |
| 6 | rMVA-N | − | − | − | − | − | 40 | 80 | 1280 | 1280 | 1280 |
| 7 | rMVA-S | − | − | − | 40 | − | 20 | 1280 | 1280 | 640 | 640 |
| 8 | rMVA-S | − | 20 | − | 40 | − | 80 | 1280 | 640 | 640 | 1280 |
| 9 | rMVA-S | − | − | − | 20 | − | 640 | 2560 | 320 | 1280 | 1280 |
| 10 | PBS | - | − | − | − | − | − | 320 | 320 | 1280 | 1280 |
| 11 | PBS | − | − | − | − | − | − | 320 | 320 | 640 | 1280 |
| 12 | PBS | − | − | − | − | − | 20 | 80 | 320 | 1280 | 1280 |
| Ferret numbers |
Immunogen |
Blood* |
Pharyngeal* |
Feces* |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–3 | 4–6 | 8–10 | 13–15 | 20–22 | 27–29 | 1–3 | 4–6 | 8–10 | 13–15 | 20–22 | 27–29 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||
| Part C | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | MVA | − | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − |
| 2 | MVA | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | − |
| 3 | MVA | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − |
| 4 | rMVA-N | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
| 5 | rMVA-N | − | − | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
| 6 | rMVA-N | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − |
| 7 | rMVA-S | − | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | − | − |
| 8 | rMVA-S | − | − | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | − | + | − | + | + | − |
| 9 | rMVA-S | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | − | − |
| 10 | PBS | − | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
| 11 | PBS | − | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | − |
| 12 | PBS | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | − | − | − |
Part A: antibody response determined by ELISA; a, the day booster immunization given; the ELISA results were determined as P/N ratios (positive/negative ratios): ‘–‘=P/N < 1.79, ‘+’=P/N between 1.79 and 4.00, ‘++’=P/N between 4.00 and 8.00, ‘+++’=P/N between 8.00 and 12.00, ‘++++’= P/N > 12.00. Part B: neutralizing antibody responses determined by mPRNT; the lowest dilution used was 1/20; ‘–‘=negative. Part C: detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR from blood, pharyngeal swabs and feces; ‘–’=negative with both primer pairs (as described in Section 2); ‘+’=positive with one or both of the primer pairs; ‘*’, specimens collected days post challenge.