Table 1.
Indications for admission and influenza-like illness manifestations in cases and controls.a
| Cases N = 102 % |
Controls N = 116 % |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emergency admission diagnoses (any)b | |||
| Acute respiratory infection | 46.1 | 39.7 | 0.3390 |
| Pneumonia | 31.4 | 24.1 | 0.2330 |
| COPD | 18.6 | 21.6 | 0.5910 |
| Dyspnea | 38.2 | 44.0 | 0.3910 |
| Myalgias | 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.6670 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 2.0 | 6.9 | 0.1090 |
| Heart failure | 2.9 | 9.5 | 0.0570 |
| Acute cerebrovascular disease | 0.0 | 1.72 | 0.5000 |
| Metabolic failurec | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0.3420 |
| Confusion, convulsion | 5.9 | 2.6 | 0.3100 |
| Sepsis, SIRS | 2.0 | 3.5 | 0.6870 |
| Influenza like illness manifestations | |||
| Duration: mean days (rage) | 3 (0–7) | 3 (0–7) | 0.6503 |
| Sudden onset | 74.5 | 69.83 | 0.4420 |
| Fever or feverishness | 89.2 | 73.28 | 0.0030 |
| Headache, malaise or myalgia | 91.2 | 88.79 | 0.5600 |
| Cough | 95.1 | 92.2 | 0.3910 |
| Shortness of breath | 90.2 | 93.1 | 0.4360 |
| Sore throat | 43.1 | 49.1 | 0.3750 |
a
Cases (influenza positive) and controls (positive for other than influenza respiratory virus).
b
COPD: chronic pulmonary obstructive disease. SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
c
Metabolic failure encompasses hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic commas, acute renal failure, and disorders of fluid, electrolyte and acid–base balance.