Table 1. Examples of iron oxide nanoparticles approved or in clinical trials.
Generic name | Trade name | Short name | Coating | Relaxivity* | Dh † | Dc # | Applications | Clinical trial | Clinically approved |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ferumoxtran | Combidex®
(USA) Sinerem® (EU) |
AMI-227 | Dextran | r1 = 9.9 r2 = 65 |
15 - 30 | 5.9 | lymph node imaging, macrophage imaging, blood pool agent, cell labeling, CNS imaging | ✓ | |
Ferucarbotran Ferrixan | Resovist® (USA, Japan, EU) Cliavist® (France) |
SHU-555A | Carboxydextran | r1 = 9.7 r2 = 189 |
62 | 4 | liver imaging, CNS imaging, cell labeling | ✓‡ | |
Ferumoxide | Feridex I.V. (USA) Endorem™ (EU) |
AMI-25 | Dextran | r1 = 10.1 r2 = 120 |
120 - 180 | 5 | liver imaging, CNS imaging, cell labeling | ✓× | |
Ferumoxytol | Feraheme® (USA) Rienso® (EU) | Code 7228 | Carboxymethyl-dextran | r1 = 15 r2 = 89 |
17 - 31 | n.a. | iron replacement therapy in patients with chronic kidney failure, CNS imaging, macrophage imaging, blood pool agent, cellular labeling, lymph node imaging | ✓+ | |
Feruglose | Clariscan™ | NC100150 | PEGylated starch | n.a. | 20 | n.a. | blood pool agent | ✓ | |
Ferumoxsil | Lumirem® (USA) GastroMARK ® (EU) | AMI-121 | Siloxane | r1 = 2 r2 = 47 |
300 | 8.4 | oral GI imaging | ✓× | |
Abdoscan® | - | Sulfonated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) copolymer | n.a. | 3500 | n.a. | oral GI imaging | ✓ |
Relaxometric properties (mM-1.s-1) at 1.5 T, at 37 °C and in water or plasma.
Dh: hydrodynamic diameter, in nm, determined by laser light scattering.
Dc: core size diameter, in nm, determined by transmission electron microscopy.
Available in only limited countries.
withdrawn from the market.
withdrawn from EU market
CNS: central nervous system.
GI: gastrointestinal.
n.a.: not available.