Table 1. Examples of iron oxide nanoparticles approved or in clinical trials.

Generic name	Trade name	Short name	Coating	Relaxivity*	Dh †	Dc #	Applications	Clinical trial	Clinically approved
Ferumoxtran	Combidex® (USA) Sinerem® (EU)	AMI-227	Dextran	r1 = 9.9 r2 = 65	15 - 30	5.9	lymph node imaging, macrophage imaging, blood pool agent, cell labeling, CNS imaging	✓
Ferucarbotran Ferrixan	Resovist® (USA, Japan, EU) Cliavist® (France)	SHU-555A	Carboxydextran	r1 = 9.7 r2 = 189	62	4	liver imaging, CNS imaging, cell labeling		✓‡
Ferumoxide	Feridex I.V. (USA) Endorem™ (EU)	AMI-25	Dextran	r1 = 10.1 r2 = 120	120 - 180	5	liver imaging, CNS imaging, cell labeling		✓×
Ferumoxytol	Feraheme® (USA) Rienso® (EU)	Code 7228	Carboxymethyl-dextran	r1 = 15 r2 = 89	17 - 31	n.a.	iron replacement therapy in patients with chronic kidney failure, CNS imaging, macrophage imaging, blood pool agent, cellular labeling, lymph node imaging		✓+
Feruglose	Clariscan™	NC100150	PEGylated starch	n.a.	20	n.a.	blood pool agent	✓
Ferumoxsil	Lumirem® (USA) GastroMARK ® (EU)	AMI-121	Siloxane	r1 = 2 r2 = 47	300	8.4	oral GI imaging		✓×
	Abdoscan®	-	Sulfonated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) copolymer	n.a.	3500	n.a.	oral GI imaging		✓

^*Relaxometric properties (mM^-1.s^-1) at 1.5 T, at 37 °C and in water or plasma.

^†D_h: hydrodynamic diameter, in nm, determined by laser light scattering.

^#D_c: core size diameter, in nm, determined by transmission electron microscopy.

^‡Available in only limited countries.

^×withdrawn from the market.

⁺withdrawn from EU market

CNS: central nervous system.

GI: gastrointestinal.

n.a.: not available.