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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Soc Rev. 2019 Jan 2;48(1):351–381. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00473k

Figure 9. TLR7/8 agonist-loaded NPs induced M1-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and synergized with ICB therapy.

Figure 9

a: Schematic illustration of the immunotherapeutic modality based on TLR7/8 agonist-enabled TAM polarization. R848 (chemical structure shown in panel b) was identified as a potent M1-phenotype promotor in a morphometric-based screen. R848 was loaded in β-cyclodextrin-based NPs (c), which were effectively accumulated in TAMS (d) after intravenous injection. In vivo polarization of the TAMs towards an M1-like phenotype was induced by intravenously injected R848-loaded NPs (e), and such effect was found to be a potent mono-therapy (f), as well as a pre-treatment that potentiated ICB therapy which showed modest efficacy when applied alone (g). Adapted from ref. 119, with permission from Springer Nature, copyright 2018.