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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 4.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2019 Dec 4;67(8):2215–2229. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2019.2957609

Table II. Range of motion and contact force required to obtain a desired view in foetal ultrasound. Values used to generate the required SEE workspace are marked in blue.

Max. translation [mm] Max. rotation [deg] Force range [N]

Subj. View X Y Z Yaw Pitch Roll Normal Tangential

HC 8.50 3.41 5.67 6.19 4.98 7.72 13.81 1.92
1 AC 4.49 5.60 2.76 3.44 3.45 3.17 4.10 2.60
FL 6.03 7.86 4.51 5.51 4.84 2.72 7.44 4.15

HC 4.95 6.45 2.96 5.74 5.91 10.09 14.09 6.15
2 AC 13.53 6.33 7.53 10.80 5.88 12.90 8.73 1.78
FL - - - - - - - -

HC 9.73 12.41 6.52 7.26 9.80 4.92 13.27 4.87
3 AC 1.53 9.37 2.60 4.23 3.62 4.10 5.55 1.40
FL 5.81 6.93 7.96 10.34 3.80 7.78 6.61 2.36

HC 11.87 8.36 7.02 14.84 4.70 9.39 3.47 3.62
4 AC 2.76 2.31 3.19 0.67 1.04 1.09 4.36 3.59
FL 4.64 4.51 4.64 1.82 3.55 2.07 3.61 2.27

HC 13.08 11.82 5.79 14.78 4.96 7.14 8.30 8.94
5 AC 9.77 19.91 10.22 2.83 4.55 2.65 4.46 1.49
FL 4.11 3.77 2.61 6.75 1.92 3.48 3.59 2.92

HC 2.49 10.18 7.55 7.01 7.83 4.07 20.77 9.13
6 AC 5.69 8.57 4.22 2.27 3.73 1.20 6.06 7.24
FL 3.79 3.97 3.02 3.60 2.90 1.90 7.97 10.67

μ 6.63 7.75 5.22 6.36 4.56 5.08 8.01 4.42
σ 3.64 4.16 2.23 4.09 2.01 3.37 4.70 2.87
max 13.53 19.91 10.22 14.84 9.8 12.9 20.77 10.67