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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 4.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacogenomics. 2015 Jun 17;16(8):877–90. doi: 10.2217/pgs.15.44

Figure 1. Metabolic pathway of Ara-C: key candidate genes involved in the metabolic activation of Ara-C are shown – ENT1 aids the transport of Ara-C into the cell.

Figure 1

Deoxycytidine kinase and the other activating kinases catalyze the conversion of inactive Ara-C to the active Ara-CTP. NT5C2, CDA and DCTD are the major deactivating enzymes. Ribonucleotide reductase increases the dNTP pool, which competitively inhibits the binding of Ara-CTP to DNA and thereby inhibits the cytotoxic action. MRP8 is an efflux transporter which effluxs out monophosphorylated nucleoside analogs.