Table 2. Tools for Assessing Suicide Risk.
Tool* | Intended Population | Outcome When Originally Developed | Scale or Prediction Tool | Selection of Variables and Weighting | No. of Items | No. of Suicides in External Validation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beck Hopelessness Scale43 | General population (17–70 yr) | Hopelessness symptoms | Rating scale | Not tested, unweighted | 20 | 62 |
Beck Depression Inventory43 | General population (≥13 yr) | Depressive symptoms | Rating scale | Not tested, unweighted | 21 | 76 |
Scale for Suicide Ideation43 | General population | Suicidal ideation | Rating scale | Not tested, unweighted | 20 | 30 |
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)43 | Primary care | Depressive symptoms | Rating scale | Not tested, unweighted | 9 | 46 |
Beck's Suicide Intent Scale43 | Self-harm | Suicidal ideation | Rating scale | Not tested, unweighted | 20 | 76 |
ReACT Self-Harm Rule43 | Self-harm | Repeated self-harm and suicide | Prediction tool | Multivariable model, unweighted | 4 | 92 |
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)44 | General population, at risk groups | Suicidal intent and behavior | Prediction tool | Decision tree, unweighted | 5 | 10 |
Army STARRS suicide prediction tool45 | U.S. military, after psychiatric hospitalization | Suicide | Prediction tool | Multivariable model, weighted | 14 | Not available |
Army STARRS suicide prediction tool46 | U.S. military, after outpatient psychiatric visit | Suicide | Prediction tool | Multivariable model, weighted | 61 | Not available |
OxMIS tool47 | Severe mental illness | Suicide | Prediction tool | Multivariable model, weighted | 17 | 139 |
OxMIS denotes Oxford Mental Illness and Suicide, and STARRS Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers.