Table 2. Tools for Assessing Suicide Risk.

Tool*	Intended Population	Outcome When Originally Developed	Scale or Prediction Tool	Selection of Variables and Weighting	No. of Items	No. of Suicides in External Validation
Beck Hopelessness Scale43	General population (17–70 yr)	Hopelessness symptoms	Rating scale	Not tested, unweighted	20	62
Beck Depression Inventory43	General population (≥13 yr)	Depressive symptoms	Rating scale	Not tested, unweighted	21	76
Scale for Suicide Ideation43	General population	Suicidal ideation	Rating scale	Not tested, unweighted	20	30
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)43	Primary care	Depressive symptoms	Rating scale	Not tested, unweighted	9	46
Beck's Suicide Intent Scale43	Self-harm	Suicidal ideation	Rating scale	Not tested, unweighted	20	76
ReACT Self-Harm Rule43	Self-harm	Repeated self-harm and suicide	Prediction tool	Multivariable model, unweighted	4	92
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)44	General population, at risk groups	Suicidal intent and behavior	Prediction tool	Decision tree, unweighted	5	10
Army STARRS suicide prediction tool45	U.S. military, after psychiatric hospitalization	Suicide	Prediction tool	Multivariable model, weighted	14	Not available
Army STARRS suicide prediction tool46	U.S. military, after outpatient psychiatric visit	Suicide	Prediction tool	Multivariable model, weighted	61	Not available
OxMIS tool47	Severe mental illness	Suicide	Prediction tool	Multivariable model, weighted	17	139

^*OxMIS denotes Oxford Mental Illness and Suicide, and STARRS Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers.