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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Comput Phys. 2020 Jul 3;419:109700. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109700

Figure 11.

Figure 11

Energy landscapes for different values of ∈ in the FIM Algorithm. Contour lines visualize the cost function from Eq. (18) we seek to minimize, with the global minimum being located at υ 1 = 1 and υ 2 = 1.5. Arrows indicate the normalized gradient descent direction obtained by using Alg. 2. Smaller ∈ yields a smoother energy landscape which benefits optimization.