Fig. 5. CPTX restores hippocampus-dependent behaviors in an Alzheimer’s disease model.

(A) CPTX improves spatial memory in 5xFAD mice. CPTX or Mock (vehicle) was injected in 5xFAD mice on day 0. On day 3, mice were placed at the start point (S) of a 3D-printed maze and the pellet was placed at the reward point (R). Two hours after the initial encoding (E) session, mice were returned to the same start point to examine memory integrity in the retrieval (R) session. On the next day, the position of reward was changed, and reversal learning (re-learning) was evaluated. Scale bar, 30 cm. The averaged total distances that mice traveled to reach the goal during the encoding and the retrieval sessions are shown in the lower graph. Log₁₀ scaling of the y-axis facilitates comparison of distances before and after training. The bars represent the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, ^# P < 0.1, n = 8–11 mice, two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Fisher’s post-hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. (B) CPTX restores context discrimination in 5xFAD mice. CPTX or Mock (vehicle) was injected in 5xFAD mice on day 0. Electrical shock was applied to wild-type and 5xFAD mice in context A on day 5. Freezing time was measured in context A and context B on day 6. The lower graph shows the mean (± SEM) freezing time of each group. ***P < 0.001, n = 8–11 mice, Student’s paired t-test.