Figure S5.

Spike Time Relationships between dCA1 Neurons during Inference, Related to Figure 5

In mice: (A-B) During the auditory cues Xn in the inference test we estimated the Z-scored spike-triggered average for neurons in ensembles Xn, within a 200-ms window relative to the spike times of neurons in ensembles Yn. For each cell pair we assessed the difference in the mean Z-scored spike-triggered average for Xn during the 100-ms interval “after” minus “before” spikes in Yn. The effect size for the difference (“after” – “before”, right-hand panel) was estimated by computing 10,000 bias-corrected bootstrapped resamples (Efron, 2000) and visualized using DABEST plots (Ho et al., 2019): black-dot, mean; black-ticks, 95% confidence interval; filled-curve, sampling-error distribution; red, within-set cell pairs; gray, cross-set cell pairs. (A) For all within-set neuronal pairs (X1Y1 and X2Y2), the Z-scored spike-triggered average for Xn was significantly higher during the 100 ms before Yn spike discharge (“after” – “before” Yn neuron spike: p < 0.001), showing that during presentation of the auditory cues Xn in the inference test, Xn neurons tend to spike before Yn neurons, thus preserving the temporal statistics of cue presentation from the observational learning stage of the task (Figure 1A). (D) For all cross-set neuronal pairs (X1Y2 and X2Y1), there was no significant temporal bias in the Z-scored spike-triggered average for Xm when comparing the 100 ms “after” minus “before” spikes in Yn (“after” – “before” Xn neuron spike: p = 0.640).