Table 2. Life-course precursors of social resources at age 45^a .

	Poor social resources vs typical levels	Rich social resources vs typical levels	N
Child factors	RRR (95% CI)	RRR (95% CI)
Female	0.80*** [0.71-0.89]	1.03 [0.92-1.16]	7414
Higher reading scores in childhood	0.99** [0.98-1.00]	1.00 [0.99-1.00]	7414
Higher cognitive scores in childhood	0.99*** [0.99-1.00]	1.00 [0.99-1.00]	6670
Higher internalising scores	1.05* [1.01-1.10]	0.95* [0.91-0.99]	7051
Higher externalising scores	1.02 [1.00-1.05]	0.97 [0.95-1.00]	7181
Personality
Impulsive	0.92* [0.86-0.99]	1.06 [0.99-1.14]	5845
Moody	1.03 [0.98-1.09]	1.01 [0.95-1.06]	5865
Aggressive	0.91* [0.84-1.00]	1.04 [0.96-1.14]	5851
Rigid	1.10* [1.02-1.20]	1.02 [0.94-1.11]	5837
Withdrawn	1.13*** [1.07-1.20]	0.96 [0.90-1.02]	5870
Lazy	1.00 [0.95-1.06]	0.99 [0.94-1.05]	5857
Disability	1.46** [1.12-1.91]	1.01 [0.74-1.36]	5362
Social resources in childhood/adolescence
Child sees friends outside school	0.75*** [0.66-0.84]	1.18* [1.03-1.34]	6459
Child does not get on with both parents	1.23* [1.01-1.50]	0.76* [0.60-0.95]	5360
Arguments with parents	0.95 [0.76-1.17]	1.02 [0.82-1.26]	5722
Often goes to discos/parties	0.79*** [0.69-0.90]	1.25** [1.09-1.42]	5588
Family environment
Child not living with both parents	1.18 [0.97-1.43]	0.94 [0.76-1.16]	5136
Child is/has been in care	1.59* [1.06-2.39]	0.89 [0.55-1.45]	5594
Higher parental social class	0.88 [0.77-1.00]	0.92 [0.80-1.05]	7402
Family difficulties	1.23* [1.00-1.52]	0.93 [0.74-1.17]	6972
Psychopathology in adulthood
More psychological distress	1.09*** [1.05-1.13]	0.95* [0.91-1.00]	6641
Socioeconomic status
Higher education level	0.90 [0.79-1.03]	0.83** [0.73-0.95]	6535
Higher social class	1.03 [0.98-1.08]	1.02 [0.97-1.07]	6241
Property ownership	0.88 [0.75-1.03]	0.99 [0.84-1.17]	6159
Ever unemployed	1.04 [0.90-1.19]	0.90 [0.78-1.04]	6361
Social resources in adulthood
Often volunteers	0.81** [0.71-0.94]	1.10 [0.96-1.26]	6477
Earlier social support
Domestic	0.76*** [0.67-0.86]	1.24** [1.10-1.40]	6316
Financial	0.74*** [0.63-0.86]	1.12 [0.97-1.29]	6237
Household	0.81** [0.71-0.93]	1.34*** [1.18-1.53]	6309
Personal	0.75*** [0.67-0.85]	1.15* [1.02-1.30]	6313
Confiding	0.77*** [0.67-0.89]	1.17* [1.02-1.34]	5909
Emotional	0.76*** [0.67-0.87]	1.29*** [1.14-1.46]	6220
Social difficulties
Drawn into arguments	1.03 [0.87-1.22]	0.96 [0.81-1.14]	6440
Can’t trust other people	1.35*** [1.19-1.54]	0.84* [0.73-0.97]	6250
Doesn’t get on with other people	1.60*** [1.41-1.80]	0.64*** [0.56-0.72]	6287
Often attends religious meetings	0.84 [0.70-1.02]	1.31** [1.10-1.56]	3460
Not married	1.52*** [1.34-1.73]	0.73*** [0.63-0.84]	6513

^aWeighted relative risk ratios are reported, CI = confidence interval. Significant findings are in bold. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.