(A) Close-up of the mRNA exit site highlighting the interaction of eIF3a (pink) with mRNA (blue sugar-phosphate backbone). K, Lys. (B) eIF3a interacts with ribosomal protein eS1 (yellow) near the exit site. Red dashed lines represent protein-protein or protein-RNA interactions. eIF3a R14-a and K23 interact with eS1 E78 and S192. Furthermore, eIF3a K63 interacts with rRNA ES7S C1116. C, Cys; E, Glu; K, Lys; R, Arg; S, Ser. (C) Close-up of R14 in eIF3a to highlight in two alternative rotamer conformations (R14-a and R14-b) and the interaction of R14-b with D77 of r-protein eS1. D, Asp; Q, Gln. (D) Close-up of the interaction of eIF3c with 18S rRNA on the back of the 40S. G, Gly. (E) eIF3d-NTT (orchid) fitted into the cryo-EM map to highlight the close interactions with PCI domains of eIF3c (cyan surface) and eIF3e (green surface). V, Val. (F) Close-up of the PCI domain of eIF3c to highlight some described interactions with eIF3d-NTT. A, Ala; W, Trp.