Table 3. Adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals under complete case analysis and under MI assuming MAR and MNAR mechanisms, respectively.
| Complete case analysis | MI-MAR | MI-MNAR δ = -0.2 | MI-MNAR δ = -0.3 | MI-MNAR δ = -0.5 | MI-MNAR (Dirichlet prior) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| PAQC score intercept 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| PAQC score intercept 1 | 0.002 (0.001, 0.003) | 0.002 (0.001, 0.004) | 0.002 (0.001, 0.004) | 0.002 (0.001, 0.004) | 0.002 (0.001, 0.004) | 0.002 (0.001, 0.004) |
| PAQC score intercept 2 | 0.20 (0.092, 0.458) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.076) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.079) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.079) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.079) | 0.02 (0.007, 0.062) |
| PAQC score intercept 3 | 0.63 (0.283, 1.397) | 0.08 (0.028, 0.221) | 0.08 (0.029, 0.229) | 0.08 (0.029, 0.229) | 0.08 (0.029, 0.229) | 0.06 (0.021, 0.171) |
| PAQC score intercept 4 | 1.94 (0.874, 4.325) | 0.27 (0.097, 0.759) | 0.28 (0.101, 0.785) | 0.28 (0.101, 0.785) | 0.28 (0.101, 0.785) | 0.21 (0.074, 0.599) |
| PAQC score intercept 5 | 5.99 (3.567, 7.935) | 1.02 (0.364, 2.864) | 1.06 (0.376, 2.964) | 1.06 (0.376, 2.964) | 1.06 (0.376, 2.964) | 0.77 (0.27, 2.196) |
| PAQC score intercept 6 | 2.16 (0.342, 7.916) | 2.56 (0.909, 7.194) | 2.64 (0.937, 7.444) | 2.64 (0.937, 7.444) | 2.64 (0.937, 7.444) | 1.83 (0.641, 5.24) |
| Age:12-59 months | 1.20 (0.991, 1.464) | 1.19 (1.010, 1.410) | 1.19 (1.011, 1.411) | 1.19 (1.011, 1.411) | 1.19 (1.011, 1.411) | 1.20 (1.011, 1.428) |
| Child gender: Males | 0.97 (0.806, 1.174) | 0.99 (0.842, 1.166) | 0.99 (0.844, 1.168) | 0.99 (0.844, 1.168) | 0.99 (0.844, 1.168) | 0.97 (0.820, 1.15) |
| Comorbidities: 0 | 1.59 (1.015, 2.513) | 1.51 (1.029, 2.219) | 1.51 (1.029, 2.22) | 1.51 (1.029, 2.22) | 1.51 (1.029, 2.22) | 1.50 (1.016, 2.226) |
| Comorbidities :1 | 1.59 (1.005, 2.498) | 1.34 (0.91, 1.974) | 1.34 (0.911, 1.977) | 1.34 (0.911, 1.977) | 1.34 (0.911, 1.977) | 1.33 (0.877, 1.928) |
| Comorbidities :2 | 1.61 (1.001, 2.591) | 1.38 (0.929, 2.076) | 1.39 (0.93, 2.078) | 1.39 (0.93, 2.078) | 1.39 (0.93, 2.078) | 1.35 (0.897, 2.033) |
| Clinician gender: female | 1.52 (1.057, 2.183) | 1.37 (0.977, 1.912) | 1.37 (0.981, 1.931) | 1.39 (0.985, 2.11) | 1.35 (0.892, 1.951) | 1.37 (0.973, 1.937) |
| Clinician Cadre: MO | 1.02 (0.709, 1.468) | 1.05 (0.735, 1.421) | 1.04 (0.741, 1.462) | 1.02 (0.740, 1.460) | 1.01 (0.740, 1.461) | 1.04 (0.719, 1.464) |
| Hospital workload: low | 0.93 (0.624, 1.376) | 0.73 (0.531, 1.02) | 0.74 (0.535, 1.025) | 0.74 (0.535, 1.025) | 0.74 (0.535, 1.025) | 0.74 (0.526, 1.04) |
| Malaria prevalence: low | 0.95 (0.644, 1.40) | 0.87 (0.588, 1.151) | 0.87 (0.606, 1.185) | 0.87 (0.606, 1.185) | 0.84 (0.606, 1.185) | 0.86 (0.61, 1.226) |
| Time (months) | 1.05 (0.969, 1.145) | 1.01 (0.941, 1.083) | 1.01 (0.943, 1.085) | 1.01 (0.943, 1.085) | 1.01 (0.943, 1.085) | 0.99 (0.927, 1.074) |
| Enhanced A&F arm | 0.18 (0.095, 0.349) | 0.19 (0.109, 0.345) | 0.19 (0.108, 0.340) | 0.19 (0.108, 0.340) | 0.19 (0.108, 0.341) | 0.18 (0.101, 0.334) |
| Time* Enhanced A&F | 1.15 (1.018, 1.307) | 1.22 (1.104, 1.358) | 1.23 (1.107, 1.362) | 1.23 (1.107, 1.362) | 1.23 (1.107, 1.362) | 1.24 (1.112, 1.379) |
| Variance between random clinicians' intercepts | 1.32(1.151) | 1.16(1.07) | 1.16(1.07) | 1.16(1.07) | 1.16(1.07) | 1.16(1.07) |
Clinicians’ gender probabilities adjusted using shift parameters (δ) under delta adjustment methods and imputed clinicians’ gender (under MAR) replaced with draws from a beta prior distribution. PAQC: Paediatric Admission Quality of Care; MI-MAR: multiple imputation assuming missing at random; MI-MNAR: multiple imputation assuming missing at not random; MO: medical officers; A&F: audit and feedback; MAR: missing at random; MI: multiple imputation.