Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics for derivation and validation cohorts of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19
| Characteristics | Derivation cohort | Validation cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of patients (%) or median (IQR) | Total No (%) | No of patients (%) or median (IQR) | Total No (%) | ||
| Mortality in hospital | 11 426 (32.2) | 35 463 (100.0) | 6729 (30.1) | 22 361 (100.0) | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| <50 | 4876 (13.8) | 35 277 (99.5) | 2808 (12.6) | 22 361 (100.0) | |
| 50-69 | 10 183 (28.9) | — | 5762 (25.8) | — | |
| 70-79 | 8017 (22.7) | — | 4951 (22.1) | — | |
| ≥80 | 12 201 (34.6) | — | 8840 (39.5) | — | |
| Sex at birth | |||||
| Female | 14 741 (41.7) | 35 356 (99.7) | 10 178 (45.6) | 22 319 (99.8) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 26 300 (82.2) | 31 987 (90.2) | 16 831 (84.9) | 19 818 (88.6) | |
| South Asian | 1647 (5.1) | — | 811 (4.1) | — | |
| East Asian | 271 (0.8) | — | 140 (0.7) | — | |
| Black | 1256 (3.9) | — | 769 (3.9) | — | |
| Other ethnic minority | 2513 (7.9) | — | 1267 (6.4) | — | |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 10 513 (31.8) | 33 090 (93.3) | 7019 (34.0) | 20 616 (92.2) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5653 (17.2) | 32 834 (92.6) | 3769 (18.4) | 20 444 (91.4) | |
| Malignant neoplasm | 3312 (10.2) | 32 556 (91.8) | 2187 (10.8) | 20 297 (90.8) | |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 604 (1.9) | 32 538 (91.8) | 434 (2.1) | 20 218 (90.4) | |
| Obesity (clinician defined) | 3414 (11.4) | 29 829 (84.1) | 2234 (12.2) | 18 304 (81.9) | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease (not asthma) | 5830 (17.7) | 32 990 (93.0) | 3737 (18.2) | 20 502 (91.7) | |
| Diabetes (type 1 and 2) | 8487 (26.0) | 32 622 (92.0) | 4275 (21.9) | 19 511 (87.3) | |
| No of comorbidities | |||||
| 0 | 8497 (24.0) | 35 463 (100.0) | 5098 (22.8) | 22 361 (100.0) | |
| 1 | 9941 (28.0) | — | 6114 (27.3) | — | |
| ≥2 | 17 025 (48.0) | — | 11 149 (49.9) | — | |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 22.0 (9.0) | 33 330 (94.0) | 20.0 (8.0) | 20 970 (93.8) | |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 94.0 (6.0) | 33 696 (95.0) | 94.0 (5.0) | 21 197 (94.8) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 124.0 (33.0) | 33 637 (94.9) | 129.0 (33.0) | 21 073 (94.2) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 70.0 (19.0) | 33 568 (94.7) | 73.0 (20.0) | 21 026 (94.0) | |
| Temperature (ºC) | 37.3 (1.5) | 33 467 (94.4) | 37.1 (1.5) | 21 139 (94.5) | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 90.0 (27.0) | 33 405 (94.2) | 90.0 (28.0) | 20 991 (93.9) | |
| Glasgow coma scale score | 15.0 (0.0) | 30 819 (86.9) | 15.0 (0.0) | 20 015 (89.5) | |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 129.0 (30.0) | 29 924 (84.4) | 127.0 (31.0) | 18 480 (82.6) | |
| White blood cell count (109/L) | 7.4 (5.1) | 29 740 (83.9) | 7.6 (5.3) | 18 362 (82.1) | |
| Neutrophil count (109/L) | 5.6 (4.6) | 29 594 (83.5) | 5.8 (4.9) | 18 354 (82.1) | |
| Lymphocyte count (109/L) | 0.9 (0.7) | 29 553 (83.3) | 0.9 (0.7) | 18 348 (82.1) | |
| Platelet count (109/L) | 216.0 (120.0) | 29 582 (83.4) | 223.0 (126.0) | 18 281 (81.8) | |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.0 (6.0) | 29 522 (83.2) | 137.0 (6.0) | 18 409 (82.3) | |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.1 (0.8) | 27 224 (76.8) | 4.1 (0.8) | 16 926 (75.7) | |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 10.0 (7.0) | 24 446 (68.9) | 10.0 (7.0) | 15 404 (68.9) | |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 7.0 (6.3) | 26 122 (73.7) | 7.3 (6.8) | 16 863 (75.4) | |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 86.0 (53.0) | 29 439 (83.0) | 86.0 (56.0) | 18 225 (81.5) | |
| C reactive protein (mg/L) | 84.9 (122.0) | 27 856 (78.5) | 78.0 (120.0) | 17 119 (76.6) | |
Covid-19=coronavirus disease 2019; IQR=interquartile range.
Comorbidities were defined using the Charlson comorbidity index, with the addition of clinician defined obesity.