Table 2. Results of Regressing Individual Cognitive Measures on Age (Model 1) and Both Age and Age² (Model 2).

Domain	Measures	Model 1				Model 2
		Age	R 2	Cohen’s F 2	F 2	Age	Age2	R 2	Cohen’s F 2	ΔR 2	ΔF
Attention/Executive	Fluid Intelligence	−0.66****	.44	.79	508.20**	0.29	−0.96**	.46	.85	.02	27.83**
	Multitasking	−0.26**	.07	.08	46.54**	0.36	−0.63**	.08	.09	.01	6.89**
	Verbal Fluency	−0.29*	.08	.09	64.97**	0.95**	−1.25**	.12	.14	.04	31.48**
	Choice RT	−0.63**	.40	.67	436.89**	−0.27	−0.37	.40	.67	.003	3.82
Language	Picture Naming	−0.51**	.26	.35	200.16**	1.35**	−1.88**	.34	.52	.09	77.43**
	Tip of the tongue states (TOTs)	−0.31**	.10	.11	70.39**	0.78**	−1.11**	.13	.15	.03	21.72**
	Sentence Comprehension	0.02	<01	<01	0.22	−0.11	0.13	<01	<01	<01	0.26
Emotion Processing	Emotion Recognition	−0.43**	.19	.23	151.29**	0.66**	−1.11**	.22	.28	.03	25.24**
	Emotion Reactivity	−0.30**	.09	.10	27.71**	0.66	−0.97**	.11	.12	.03	7.92**
	Emotion Reappraisal	0.01	<01	<01	0.01	−0.28	0.29	<01	<01	<01	0.64
Memory	VSTM Capacity	−0.43**	.18	.22	146.06**	0.70**	−1.15**	.21	.28	.03	26.97**
	Story Memory	−0.37**	.14	.16	110.99**	0.36	−0.74**	.15	.18	.01	11.30**
	Priming	−0.22**	.05	.05	16.45**	−0.11	−0.12	.05	.05	<01	0.11
	Recall	−0.57**	.32	.47	154.90**	0.04	−0.62*	.33	.49	.01	4.35*
	Recognition	−0.66**	.43	.75	246.31**	−0.22	−0.44	.44	.79	.01	2.66
Motor/Speed	Balance Test	−0.58**	.33	.49	331.06**	−0.60**	0.03	.33	.49	<01	0.02
	Chair Rises	−0.35**	.12	.14	95.19**	0.30	−0.65**	.13	.15	.01	8.58**
	Simple RT	−0.35**	.12	.14	92.35**	0.15	−0.51*	.13	.15	.01	5.04*
	Force Matching	−0.08	.01	.01	1.85	0.51	−0.60	.02	.02	.01	2.96
	Motor Learning	−0.24**	.06	.06	18.76**	0.21	−0.45	.06	.06	.01	1.73
Face Processing	Unfamiliar Faces	−0.46**	.21	.27	175.49**	0.64**	−1.11**	.24	.32	.03	26.27**
	Familiar Faces	−0.33**	.11	.12	78.00**	2.19**	−2.55**	.26	.37	.16	143.44**
Crystallized Knowledge	Spot the Word	0.22**	.05	.05	36.50**	0.91**	−0.69**	.06	.06	.01	9.04**
	Proverbs	0.13**	.02	.02	11.65**	0.98**	−0.86**	.03	.04	.02	12.47**

Note. Standardized β values for expressions of age are reported, as well as explained variance (R ²), change in explained variance (ΔR ², Model 2), effect sizes (Cohen’s F ²) and F (Model 1) and ΔF (Model 2) values. The values of measures used in the regression models were aligned so that higher values represent better performance. RT = response time; VSTM = Visual Short Term Memory.

^**p < .05. **** p < .01.