Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 28.
Published in final edited form as: Br J Nutr. 2020 Feb 26;124(2):217–224. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520000628

Table 4. Multiple regression analysis of the dietary patterns associated with body composition at age 6.

Model 1 (unadjusted) Model 2 (adjusted)
Body composition measure n Standardised coefficient (β)/odds ratioc (95% CI) P n Standardised coefficient (β)/ odds ratioc (95% CI) P
Healthy pattern
Percentage body fat 1142 -0.04 (-0.09 to 0.01) 0.101 1025 -0.02 (-0.07 to 0.04) 0.482
BMI z-scorea 1142 -0.05 (-0.11 to 0.002) 0.060 1025 -0.01 (-0.07 to 0.05) 0.677
Arm (cm) 1142 -0.02 (-0.07 to 0.03) 0.417 1025 0.01 (-0.04 to 0.06) 0.728
Waist (cm) 1142 0.001 (-0.05 to 0.05) 0.966 1025 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.08) 0.362
Hip (cm) 1142 -0.02 (-0.07 to 0.03) 0.370 1025 0.01 (-0.04 to 0.06) 0.711
Sum of skinfolds (mm) b 1133 -0.04 (-0.09 to 0.01) 0.120 1019 -0.03 (-0.08 to 0.03) 0.327
Overweight or obese (BMI z-score >1SD) c 1142 0.76 (0.63 to 0.92) 0.005 1025 0.85 (0.69 to 1.05) 0.125
Obese (BMI z-score >2SD) c 1142 0.52c (0.33 to 0.80) 0.003 971 0.62c (0.39 to 1.00) 0.050
Traditional pattern
Percentage body fat 1142 0.06 (0.02 to 0.11) 0.006 1025 0.04 (-0.01 to 0.09) 0.097
BMI z-scorea 1142 0.08 (0.03 to 0.13) 0.003 1025 0.04 (-0.02 to 0.09) 0.176
Arm (cm) 1142 0.05 (0.002 to 0.09) 0.042 1025 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.07) 0.479
Waist (cm) 1142 0.07 (0.02 to 0.12) 0.003 1025 0.05 (-0.002 to 0.09) 0.060
Hip (cm) 1142 0.06 (0.01 to 0.11) 0.011 1025 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.07) 0.396
Sum of skinfolds (mm) b 1133 0.03 (-0.02 to 0.08) 0.220 1019 0.01 (-0.04 to 0.06) 0.679
Overweight or obese (BMI z-score >1SD) c 1142 1.34 (1.09 to 1.64) 0.006 1025 1.19 (0.95 to 1.50) 0.135
Obese (BMI z-score >2SD) c 1142 0.93c (0.59 to 1.45) 0.740 971 0.89c (0.53 t0 1.49) 0.660
Junk pattern
Percentage body fat 1142 0.04 (0.0002 to 0.09) 0.049 1025 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.07) 0.486
BMI z-scorea 1142 0.05 (0.004 to 0.10) 0.034 1025 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.08) 0.372
Arm (cm) 1142 0.10 (0.06 to 0.15) <0.001 1025 0.08 (0.04 to 0.13) <0.001
Waist (cm) 1142 0.05 (0.01 to 0.10) 0.016 1025 0.03 (-0.01 to 0.08) 0.158
Hip (cm) 1142 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11) 0.002 1025 0.05 (0.01 to 0.10) 0.028
Sum of skinfolds (mm) b 1133 0.09 (0.05 to 0.13) <0.001 1019 0.07 (0.03 to 0.12) 0.002
Overweight or obese (BMI z-score >1SD) c 1142 1.36 (1.11 to 1.67) 0.003 1025 1.24 (0.99 to 1.57) 0.066
Obese (BMI z-score >2SD) c 1142 1.82c (1.19 to 2.80) 0.006 971 1.74c (1.07 to 2.82) 0.025

Standardised coefficient (β), representing the standard deviation (SD) change and 95% confidence interval in body composition measure per SD change in dietary pattern score enabling comparison across outcomes; Model 1 (simple regression) - association between dietary patterns and childhood body composition at age 6 years, Model 2 (multiple regression) – association between dietary patterns and childhood body composition, adjusting for infant mode of feeding, infant sex, and maternal ethnicity, BMI, socioeconomic status, multivitamin use pre-pregnancy, alcohol intake pre-pregnancy, cigarette smoking in first trimester, time spent watching television in first trimester, depression in first trimester, gestational hypertension, GDM diagnosis, and plasma placental growth factor.

a

World Health Organisation (2007) BMI for age z-score;

b

sum of triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses;

c

odds ratio