Table 4. Multiple regression analysis of the dietary patterns associated with body composition at age 6.
Model 1 (unadjusted) | Model 2 (adjusted) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body composition measure | n | Standardised coefficient (β)/odds ratioc (95% CI) | P | n | Standardised coefficient (β)/ odds ratioc (95% CI) | P |
Healthy pattern | ||||||
Percentage body fat | 1142 | -0.04 (-0.09 to 0.01) | 0.101 | 1025 | -0.02 (-0.07 to 0.04) | 0.482 |
BMI z-scorea | 1142 | -0.05 (-0.11 to 0.002) | 0.060 | 1025 | -0.01 (-0.07 to 0.05) | 0.677 |
Arm (cm) | 1142 | -0.02 (-0.07 to 0.03) | 0.417 | 1025 | 0.01 (-0.04 to 0.06) | 0.728 |
Waist (cm) | 1142 | 0.001 (-0.05 to 0.05) | 0.966 | 1025 | 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.08) | 0.362 |
Hip (cm) | 1142 | -0.02 (-0.07 to 0.03) | 0.370 | 1025 | 0.01 (-0.04 to 0.06) | 0.711 |
Sum of skinfolds (mm) b | 1133 | -0.04 (-0.09 to 0.01) | 0.120 | 1019 | -0.03 (-0.08 to 0.03) | 0.327 |
Overweight or obese (BMI z-score >1SD) c | 1142 | 0.76 (0.63 to 0.92) | 0.005 | 1025 | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.05) | 0.125 |
Obese (BMI z-score >2SD) c | 1142 | 0.52c (0.33 to 0.80) | 0.003 | 971 | 0.62c (0.39 to 1.00) | 0.050 |
Traditional pattern | ||||||
Percentage body fat | 1142 | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.11) | 0.006 | 1025 | 0.04 (-0.01 to 0.09) | 0.097 |
BMI z-scorea | 1142 | 0.08 (0.03 to 0.13) | 0.003 | 1025 | 0.04 (-0.02 to 0.09) | 0.176 |
Arm (cm) | 1142 | 0.05 (0.002 to 0.09) | 0.042 | 1025 | 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.07) | 0.479 |
Waist (cm) | 1142 | 0.07 (0.02 to 0.12) | 0.003 | 1025 | 0.05 (-0.002 to 0.09) | 0.060 |
Hip (cm) | 1142 | 0.06 (0.01 to 0.11) | 0.011 | 1025 | 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.07) | 0.396 |
Sum of skinfolds (mm) b | 1133 | 0.03 (-0.02 to 0.08) | 0.220 | 1019 | 0.01 (-0.04 to 0.06) | 0.679 |
Overweight or obese (BMI z-score >1SD) c | 1142 | 1.34 (1.09 to 1.64) | 0.006 | 1025 | 1.19 (0.95 to 1.50) | 0.135 |
Obese (BMI z-score >2SD) c | 1142 | 0.93c (0.59 to 1.45) | 0.740 | 971 | 0.89c (0.53 t0 1.49) | 0.660 |
Junk pattern | ||||||
Percentage body fat | 1142 | 0.04 (0.0002 to 0.09) | 0.049 | 1025 | 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.07) | 0.486 |
BMI z-scorea | 1142 | 0.05 (0.004 to 0.10) | 0.034 | 1025 | 0.02 (-0.03 to 0.08) | 0.372 |
Arm (cm) | 1142 | 0.10 (0.06 to 0.15) | <0.001 | 1025 | 0.08 (0.04 to 0.13) | <0.001 |
Waist (cm) | 1142 | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.10) | 0.016 | 1025 | 0.03 (-0.01 to 0.08) | 0.158 |
Hip (cm) | 1142 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11) | 0.002 | 1025 | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.10) | 0.028 |
Sum of skinfolds (mm) b | 1133 | 0.09 (0.05 to 0.13) | <0.001 | 1019 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.12) | 0.002 |
Overweight or obese (BMI z-score >1SD) c | 1142 | 1.36 (1.11 to 1.67) | 0.003 | 1025 | 1.24 (0.99 to 1.57) | 0.066 |
Obese (BMI z-score >2SD) c | 1142 | 1.82c (1.19 to 2.80) | 0.006 | 971 | 1.74c (1.07 to 2.82) | 0.025 |
Standardised coefficient (β), representing the standard deviation (SD) change and 95% confidence interval in body composition measure per SD change in dietary pattern score enabling comparison across outcomes; Model 1 (simple regression) - association between dietary patterns and childhood body composition at age 6 years, Model 2 (multiple regression) – association between dietary patterns and childhood body composition, adjusting for infant mode of feeding, infant sex, and maternal ethnicity, BMI, socioeconomic status, multivitamin use pre-pregnancy, alcohol intake pre-pregnancy, cigarette smoking in first trimester, time spent watching television in first trimester, depression in first trimester, gestational hypertension, GDM diagnosis, and plasma placental growth factor.
World Health Organisation (2007) BMI for age z-score;
sum of triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses;
odds ratio