Table 3.
Adjusted mean difference in vessel diameter in microns with age, sex and per standard deviation increase in body composition measures
| Risk marker | Absolute difference in arteriolar diameter (95% CI) in μm | Absolute difference in venular diameter (95% CI) in μm | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
| P | P | P | P | P | P | |||||||
| Age per decade | –0.6 (–0.6, –0.5) | <1.0E-300 | –0.5 (–0.6, –0.4) | <1.0E-300 | –0.6 (–0.6, –0.5) | 6.8E-37 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | <1.0E-300 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | <1.0E-300 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | <1.0E-300 |
| Female versus male | –0.2 (–0.3,–0.1) | 0.005 | –0.1 (–0.3, 0.0) | 0.04 | 0.0 (–0.2, 0.1) | 5.5E-01 | –0.7 (–0.9, –0.5) | 7.1E-11 | –0.6 (–0.8, –0.4) | 1.6E-08 | –0.6 (–0.9, –0.4) | 1.4E-07 |
| BMI,kg/m 2 | –0.3 (–0.3,–0.2) | 1.03E-17 | –0.3 (–0.3,–0.2) | 5.60E-17 | –0.3 (–0.4, –0.3) | 9.5E-19 | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 6.3E-25 | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 9.5E-26 | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 8.2E-21 |
| Waist circumference index, cm/m2 | –0.5 (–0.6, –0.4) | <1.0E-300 | –0.5 (–0.6, –0.5) | <1.0E-300 | –0.6 (–0.7, –0.5) | <1.0E-300 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 4.8E-13 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 7.7E-12 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.5) | 3.4E-08 |
| Waist-hip ratio | –0.3 (–0.4, –0.3) | 2.3E-15 | –0.4 (–0.5, –0.3) | 1.9E-18 | –0.5 (–0.6, –0.4) | 3.3E-22 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 2.7E-13 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.6) | 2.8E-10 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 3.9E-07 |
| Total fat % | –0.3 (–0.4, –0.2) | 1.6E-09 | –0.3 (–0.3,–0.2) | 7.0E-09 | –0.3 (–0.4, –0.2) | 1.8E-10 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 2.0E-27 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 1.9E-28 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 1.1E-23 |
| Trunk fat % | –0.1 (–0.2,–0.1) | 1.9E-04 | –0.1 (–0.2,–0.1) | 6.9E-04 | –0.2 (–0.2,–0.1) | 3.8E-05 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 2.1E-28 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 6.4E-30 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 8.5E-25 |
| Total fat mass index, kg/m2 | –0.2 (–0.3,–0.2) | 3.8E-11 | –0.2 (–0.3,–0.2) | 1.4E-10 | –0.3 (–0.4, –0.2) | 1.8E-12 | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8) | 2.7E-27 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 3.7E-28 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 4.5E-23 |
| Trunk fat mass index, kg/m2 | –0.2 (–0.2,–0.1) | 3.7E-07 | –0.2 (–0.2,–0.1) | 1.5E-06 | –0.2 (–0.3,–0.1) | 4.0E-08 | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) | 1.5E-29 | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8) | 7.9E-31 | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8) | 2.4E-25 |
| Total fat free mass index, kg/m2 | –0.5 (–0.6, –0.4) | 1.3E-27 | –0.5 (–0.6,–0.4) | 1.2E-26 | –0.6 (–0.7, –0.5) | 1.7E-25 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 1.3E-10 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 3.9E-11 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) | 1.7E-08 |
| Trunk fat free mass index, kg/m2 | –0.5 (–0.6, –0.4) | 2.2E-30 | –0.5 (–0.6, –0.4) | 7.5E-30 | –0.6 (–0.7, –0.5) | 2.1E-26 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 5.3E-05 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 4.1E-05 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) | 0.001 |
Model 1: multilevel model adjusts for age, sex, ethnicity and UKBB centre as fixed effects and a random effect for person to allow for repeated images within person (n = 54,714). Model 2 adjust as model 1 plus body mass index, smoking and Townsend deprivation index as fixed effects (n = 54,714. Model 3 adjusts as Model 2 but excludes those with diabetes, heart attack, stroke, on medication for blood pressure or who answered unknown or declined to answer (n = 45,644). For body composition measures absolute difference in vessel width is per standard deviation increase.