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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 29.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2019 Dec 20;32(1):32–42. doi: 10.1017/neu.2019.43

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Relationship between maternal exposure to lifetime IPV, psychological distress and temporal changes with infant faecal bacterial profiles. Longitudinal changes to the proportions of A) Genus Citrobacter and unclassified genera within the family Enterobacteriaceae B-D) [OTU_101 (p = 0.006); OTU_615 (p = 0.003); OTU_616 (p = 0.003)] in the infants born to mothers exposed to lifetime IPV compared to infants from mothers exposed to no/low lifetime IPV. E) Differential decrease in proportions of the family Streptococcaceae from birth to ages 4-12 weeks (p = 0.038) and from birth to 20-28 weeks (p = 0.018) with a more pronounced decline in Streptococcaceae for infants from mothers with no/low lifetime IPV exposure compared to infants from mothers exposed to lifetime IPV. F) Association of continuous measures of maternal prenatal psychological distress (SRQ-20) with faecal Gammaproteobacteria in infants at birth compared to the infants at ages 4-12 weeks (p = 0.007) and 20-28 weeks (p = 0.089). Individual maternal SRQ-20 scores for the 36 infants with faecal specimens collected at all three timepoints are represented by a gradient of colours ranging from green (low SRQ-20 scores) to red (high SRQ-20 scores). IPV = intimate partner violence.