Table 1. DNA methylation candidate gene and epigenome-wide association studies for T2D and obesity.
| Candidate genes/EWAS | Phenotypes | Case control/quantitative trait | Tissue | Replication | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2D CCL2 |
T2D | c/c: 32/15 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Liu (2011) | |
| INS | T2D | c/c: 9/48 | Pancreatic islets | Yang (2011) | |
| PDX1 | T2D | c/c: 9/55 | Pancreatic islets | Yang (2012) | |
| PPARGC1A | T2D | c/c: 10/9 | Pancreatic islets | Ling (2008) | |
| EWAS | T2D | c/c: 17/17 | Skeletal muscle | Barres (2009) | |
| EWAS | T2D | c/c: 40/40 | Whole blood | Bell (2010) | |
| EWAS | T2D | c/c: 710a/459a | Whole blood | c/c: 198a/233a | Toperoff (2012) |
| EWAS | T2D | c/c: 11/5 | Pancreatic islets | Volkmar (2012) | |
| Obesity ALOX12, ALPL, BCL2A1, CASP10, CAV1, CCL3, CD9, CDKN1C, DSC2, EPHA1, EVI2A, HLA, IRF5, KRT1, LCN2, MLLT4, MMP9, MPL, NID1, NKX31, PMP22, S100A12, TAL1, VIM |
BMI, fat mass, and lean mass | qt: 178 | Umbilical cord blood | Relton (2012) | |
| KCNQ1OT1, H19, IGF2, GRB10, MEST, SNRPN, GNAS | BMI (discordance in twins) | c/c: 16/16 | Saliva | Souren (2011) | |
| MCHR1 | BMI | qt: 49 | Whole blood | Stepanow (2011) | |
| POMC | Obesity | c/c: 71/36 | Whole blood | c/c: 54/100 | Kuehnen (2012) |
| IL8, NOS3, PIK3CD, RXRA, SOD1 | Fat mass and %fat mass | qt: 78 | Umbilical cord tissue | qt: 239 | Godfrey (2011) |
| SLC6A4 | BMI, weight, and waist circumference | qt: 168 | Peripheral blood leukocytes | Zhao (2012) | |
| TACSTD2 | Fat mass | qt: 94 | Whole blood | qt: 161 | Groom (2012) |
| EWAS | BMI | qt: 64 | Lymphocytes | Feinberg (2010) | |
| EWAS | Obesity | c/c: 7/7 | Peripheral blood leukocytes | c/c: 46/46 | Wang (2010) |
| EWAS | Obesity | c/c: 23/24 | Whole blood | Almen (2012) |
See Supplementary Data online for the references cited in the table.
BMI, body mass index; c/c, case/control; EWAS, epigenome-wide association study; qt, quantitative trait; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
a
Pooled samples.