(a) GFAP and SOX2 stainings (scale bars, 50 μm)
of the mouse SVZ, representative of n=3 mice. Nuclei were counterstained
with DAPI.
(b, c) GFAP, NESTIN and SOX2 stainings
(scale bars, 50 μm) in mouse newborn astroglial cells, representative
of two independent experiments.
(d) Gliomaspheres emerging from newborn astroglial
cell cultures transformed by the indicated oncogenes (P0 spheres) were
dissociated to single cells and replated at clonal density for gliomasphere
formation (P1 to P10 spheres). Results are representative of three
experiments with n=3 replicates each. Data are presented as scatter dot
plots and bar graphs showing mean with s.d.
(e) Left panel: H&E staining of a lesion
obtained after intracranial transplantation of shNf1/shp53-transformed
astroglial cells. N, necrotic area. Scale bar, 2.5 mm. Middle panel: High
magnification of the same tumor, showing large polynucleated cells
(arrowheads). Right panel: TAZ IHC on the same tumor. Scale bars, 100
μm. Experiments were independently repeated on n=10 mice, with
similar results.
(f) H E staining of subcutaneous tumors
obtained by injecting cells dissociated from gliomaspheres carrying the
indicated oncogenic lesions, representative of: KRasG12V/shp53, n=4 tumors;
HER2CA, n=6 tumors; shNf1/shp53, n=5 tumors. N, necrotic areas. Scale bars,
250 μm.
(g) Number of mice displaying tumor formation after
injection of cells dissociated from KRasG12V/shp53-gliomaspheres at the
indicated cell dilutions.
(h) Top, Schematic representation of the serial
transplantation assay performed with HER2CA-transformed cells (see Methods
for details). Bottom, H&E staining (scale bars, 2.5 mm) of tumors
obtained after each round of transplantation, representative of n=4 primary
tumors, n=8 secondary tumors and n=4 tertiary tumors, respectively. Numbers
of mice developing tumors per numbers of transplanted mice are indicated in
each picture.
(i) GSEA curves of the G-STEM and the DGC signatures
in KRasG12V/shp53-tumors compared to the astroglial cells from which they
derive. Signatures are available in Supplementary Table 7.