Table 1. The association between active trachoma and potential trachoma risk factors.
| Variable | Number | Number with active trachoma | Prevalence | Adjusted OR (1) | Adjusted OR (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| 1-2 | 174 | 42 | 24.1% | 1.00 | 1.00** |
| 3-4 | 202 | 59 | 29.2% | 1.29 (0.82-2.06) | 1.29 (0.81-2.08) |
| 5-6 | 207 | 36 | 17.4% | 0.65 (0.39-1.07) | 0.62 (0.37-1.04) |
| 7-9 | 327 | 30 | 9.2% | 0.31 (0.19-0.52) | 0.29 (0.37-1.04) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 444 | 74 | 16.7% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 468 | 94 | 20.1% | 1.35 (0.95-2.09) | 1.36 (0.95-1.95) |
| Stunting (height for age) | |||||
| Not severely stunted | 660 | 109 | 16.5% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Severely stunted | 250 | 58 | 23.2% | 1.43 (1.00-2.10) | 1.41 (0.98-2.08) |
| Wasting (weight for height) | |||||
| Not severely wasted | 852 | 160 | 18.8% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Severely wasted | 54 | 7 | 13.0% | 0.64 (0.29-1.48) | 0.60 (0.25-1.46) |
| Socio-economic status index of household | |||||
| First quartile (poorest) | 255 | 55 | 21.6% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Second quartile | 186 | 37 | 19.9% | 0.89 (0.49-1.67) | 0.89 (0.49-1.67) |
| Third quartile | 227 | 32 | 14.1% | 0.59 (0.32-1.08) | 0.59 (0.32-1.08) |
| Fourth quartile (richest) | 212 | 38 | 17.9% | 0.90 (0.51-1.68) | 0.90 (0.51-1.68) |
| Monthly expenditure per capita (US dollars) | |||||
| <$0.20 | 214 | 29 | 13.6% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| $0.21-2.30 | 205 | 41 | 20.0% | 1.57 (0.81-3.05) | 1.73 (0.89-3.38) |
| $2.40-3.90 | 243 | 56 | 23.0% | 1.94 (1.04-3.62) | 2.20 (1.17-4.14) |
| >$40 | 234 | 38 | 16.2% | 1.05 (0.53-2.09) | 1.19 (0.58-2.41) |
| Years lived in village | |||||
| <10 | 223 | 58 | 26.0% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥10 | 657 | 101 | 15.4% | 0.55 (0.34-0.89) | 0.56 (0.32-0.90) |
| Number sharing bedroom | |||||
| 1-2 | 221 | 39 | 17.6% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 302 | 50 | 16.6% | 0.79 (0.49-1.28) | 0.77 (0.47-1.24) |
| 4 | 204 | 40 | 19.6% | 0.96 (0.58-1.60) | 0.96 (0.57-1.60) |
| 5-7 | 169 | 35 | 20.7% | 1.04 (0.61-1.76) | 0.98 (0.57-1.71) |
| Number sharing bed | |||||
| 1-2 | 492 | 75 | 15.2% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 300 | 61 | 20.3% | 1.22 (0.83-1.79) | 1.19 (0.80-1.77) |
| 4-7 | 104 | 28 | 26.9% | 1.76 (1.05-2.94) | 1.71 (1.00-2.93) |
| Number of cattle in household | |||||
| 0 | 262 | 37 | 14.1% | 1.00 | 1.00** |
| 1 | 286 | 50 | 17.5% | 1.37 (0.78-2.44) | 1.38 (0.78-2.46) |
| 2 | 249 | 48 | 19.3% | 1.64 (0.93-2.90) | 1.84 (1.03-3.27) |
| ≥3 | 99 | 29 | 29.3% | 2.37 (1.18-4.76) | 2.51 (1.23-3.26) |
| Cattle in same room as people overnight | |||||
| No | 761 | 126 | 16.6% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 135 | 38 | 28.1% | 2.19 (1.29-3.71) | 2.31 (1.32-4.05) |
| Latrine: Beaten path to door | |||||
| No | 113 | 29 | 25.7% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 767 | 133 | 17.3% | 0.64 (0.35-1.18) | 0.66 (0.35-1.25) |
| Latrine: Adequate screening | |||||
| No | 438 | 95 | 21.7% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 409 | 61 | 14.9% | 0.71 (0.45-1.11) | 0.63 (0.39-1.03) |
Some data were missing
1
Odds ratio adjusted for age, sex and household clustering
2
Odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status and household clustering
¶
Defined as height-for-age z-scores <2SD
‡
Defined as weight-for-height z-scores <2SD
*
p for trend ≤0.05
**
p for trend ≤0.01