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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Mar 20;100(11):1075–83. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.12.002

Table 4. Relationship between active trachoma and daily volume of water used per capita for hygiene, sub-sample.

No Number with active trachoma Prevalence Adjusted OR1
(95% CI)
Adjusted OR2
(95% CI)
Adjusted OR3
(95% CI)
Litres water used per capita
Total
3.8 - 11.32 58 12 20.7% 1.00 1.00
11.32 - 14.6 59 11 18.6% 0.82 (0.24-2.82) 0.93 (0.27-3.24)
14.6 - 21.3 58 10 17.2% 0.81 (0.23-2.79) 0.81 (0.23-2.88)
21.3 - 15.5 58 11 19.0% 1.00 (0.31-3.32) 1.04 (0.26-3.39)
Children (<9years): bathing and facewashing
<2/week(?) 60 18 30.0% 1.00 1.00 1.00
2-3.5/week 60 8 13.3% 0.35 (0.11-1.19) 0.42 (0.12-1.42) 0.39 (0.11-1.34)
3.5-5/wee/k 56 10 17.9% 0.48 (0.16-1.48) 0.37 (0.11-1.26) 0.29 (0.08-1.11)
>5/week 57 8 14.0% 0.37 (0.11-1.23) 0.38 (0.12-1.22) 0.33 (0.09-1.17)
All ages: bathing and facewashing
< 2.2/week? 59 20 33.9% 1.00 1.00** 1.00**
2.2 - 3.7/week 58 13 22.4% 0.47 (0.15-1.50) 0.46 (0.14-1.50) 0.32 (0.10-1.06)
3.8 - 5.0/week 59 5 8.5% 0.15 (0.05-0.50) 0.16 (0.05-0.52) 0.08 (0.02-0.31)
>5/week 57 6 10.5% 0.21 (0.06-0.68) 0.17 (0.05-0.63) 0.05 (0.01-0.25)
Proportion of total household water used for hygiene
≤17% 61 17 27.9% 1.00 1.00* 1.00*
18-23% 59 11 18.6% 0.62 (0.20-1.91) 0.65 (0.19-2.21) 0.53 (0.15-1.92)
23-32% 57 12 21.1% 0.70 (0.25-1.99) 0.66 (0.26-1.89) 0.59 (0.20-1.75)
>32% 56 4 7.1% 0.23 (0.06-0.93) 0.20 (0.04-1.00) 0.14 (0.02-0.94)
1

Odds ratio adjusted for age, sex and household clustering

2

Odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status, household clustering and keeping cattle in same room as people overnight

3

Odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status, household clustering, keeping cattle in same room as people overnight and total water use per captia

*

p for trend ≤0.05

**

p for trend ≤0.01