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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Sci. 2020 Nov 27;133(22):jcs251983. doi: 10.1242/jcs.251983

Fig. 3. Sources of tension to overcome ribosome stalls.

Fig. 3

Interactions between nascent TMDs and the ribosomal exit tunnel may result in a slowing down in translation. There are multiple sources of tension that may provide the force on the nascent chain required to overcome this type of stall. Tension may be generated by any of the following: interactions between the nascent chain and the Sec61 translocon, favourable partitioning of a TMD into the lipid bilayer, action of the EMC (either as an insertase or as a chaperone), inter-TMD interactions within the MP, or interactions between TMDs and a chaperone.