Table 7.
Comparison of immunopathological, clinical and therapeutic features of EAE and MS.
| EAE | MS | |
|---|---|---|
| Genetics | Susceptible and resistant animal strains and colonies, e.g. C57BL/6 vs C57BL/10.S mice and different colonies of Lewis rat | Weak evidence of association (confirmed only for HLA-DRB1*15), risk alleles: IL-2RA, IL-7RA and EV15 |
| Pathology | ||
| - Inflammation | Dominant (CD4+ T cells and macrophages) | Rare (type I/II, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, macrophages) |
| - Demyelination | Rare (anti-MOG–EAE) | Strong |
| - Degeneration | Late (murine EAE) | Early (type III/IV) |
| - Cortical lesions | Rare (MOG–EAE in marmosets) | Rare |
| Clinical course | ||
| - Acute | Frequent (active EAE) | Rare (Marburg type) |
| - Primary chronic-progrssive | Rare (MOG–EAE, AT-EAE) | Rare (<10%) |
| - Relapsing–remitting | Rare (PLP139–151–EAE, pertussis toxin-EAE) | Frequent (>90%) |
| - Immunotherapy | ||
| - Immunosuppression/immunomodulation | Azathioprine, IFN-β, glatiramer acetate, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, mitoxantrone, mAb, small molecular weight disease-modifying drugs | Azathioprine, IFN-β, glatiramer acetate, plasma exchange, immunoadsorption, mitoxantrone, mAb, IVIg |
| - Anti-inflammatory | Methylprednisolone | Methylprednisolone |
| - Antigen specific | Altered peptide ligands, bifunctional peptide inhibitors, oral and nasal tolerance, DNA vaccines | |
| - Neuroprotective | CNTF, BDNF, erythropoietin | |