Table 5.

GRADE Summary of Findings reporting the comparative efficacy of different pharmacological agents for maintaining clinical remission and endoscopic remission in anti-TNF-exposed patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis

	Relative effect (Odds ratio, 95% CI)		Overall Quality of Evidence
	Clinical Remission	Endoscopic Remission
Selected agents vs. Adalimumab
Infliximab	1.17 (0.62–2.20)	1.31 (0.75–2.28)	Very low quality (very serious imprecision, intransitivity)
Vedolizumab	N/A	N/A	N/A
Selected agents vs. Vedolizumab
Infliximab	0.72 (0.35–1.49)	0.73 (0.37–1.42)	Very low quality (very serious imprecision, intransitivity)

	Relative effect (Odds ratio, 95% CI)		Overall Quality of Evidence
	Clinical Remission	Endoscopic Remission
Selected agents vs. Golimumab
Vedolizumab	0.88 (0.16–5.01)	1.38 (0.38–5.05)	Very low quality (very serious imprecision, intransitivity)
Tofacitinib 5mg BID	1.03 (0.15–7.27)	1.25 (0.30–5.16)	Very low quality (very serious imprecision, intransitivity)
Ustekinumab	0.61 (0.09–4.20)	0.83 (0.20–3.35)
Selected agents vs. Vedolizumab
Tofacitinib 5mg BID	1.17 (0.20–6.90)	0.90 (0.24–3.42)	Very low quality (very serious imprecision, intransitivity)
Ustekinumab	0.69 (0.12–3.98)	0.60 (0.16–2.22)	Very low quality (very serious imprecision, intransitivity)
Selected agents vs. Tofacitinib
Ustekinumab	0.59 (0.08–4.28)	0.66 (0.15–2.85)	Very low quality (very serious imprecision, intransitivity)

^*Treat straight-through trials

^*Re-randomization of responders